Table 5. Baseline characteristics of participants by study group.
| Characteristic | Classification | n (%) Intervention | n (%) Control |
| Participants | 873 | 863 | |
| Sex - female | 537 (62) | 520 (60) | |
| Age in years (mean ± SD) | 74.7±6.5 | 74.9±6.5 | |
| Age group - years | 65–69 | 260 (30) | 242 (28) |
| 70–74 | 212 (24) | 221 (26) | |
| 75–79 | 207 (24) | 211 (24) | |
| 80–84 | 129 (15) | 127 (15) | |
| 85+ | 65 (7) | 62 (7) | |
| Perceived health | Excellent | 151 (17) | 153 (18) |
| Good | 566 (65) | 558 (65) | |
| Fair | 136 (16) | 130 (15) | |
| Poor | 20 (2) | 22 (3) | |
| Living alone | 276 (32) | 270 (31) | |
| Depressed in prior 3 mo | 125 (14) | 119 (14) | |
| Fall in prior year | 181 (21) | 193 (22) | |
| Limited mobility | 82 (9) | 80 (9) | |
| Unintended 4.54-kg+weight loss | 38 (4) | 34 (4) | |
| ADL score (mean ± SD) | 0.8±2.2 | 0.8±2.1 | |
| IADL score (mean ± SD) | 1.1±2.4 | 1.1±2.4 | |
| Need help to complete risk survey | 80 (9) | 75 (9) | |
| Tobacco use | 37 (4) | 43 (5) | |
| Chronic conditions (mean ± SD) | 3.8±1.9 | 3.8±2.0 | |
| Nursing home stay ever in past | 12 (1) | 10 (1) | |
| Number of medications | 5 or more | 512 (59) | 459 (53) |
| 2 to 4 | 301 (34) | 323 (37) | |
| 1 | 44 (5) | 64 (7) | |
| None | 16 (2) | 17 (2) | |
| Physician or clinic visits in past 6 mo | 4 or more | 232 (27) | 236 (27) |
| 2 or 3 | 402 (46) | 405 (47) | |
| 1 | 206 (24) | 195 (23) | |
| None | 33 (4) | 27 (3) | |
| ER visits in past 6 mo | 3 or more | 10 (1) | 9 (1) |
| 2 | 27 (3) | 27 (3) | |
| 1 | 109 (12) | 131 (15) | |
| None | 727 (83) | 696 (81) | |
| Hospital stays in past 6 mo | 4 or more | 7 (1) | 11 (1) |
| 2 or 3 | 25 (3) | 24 (3) | |
| 1 | 90 (10) | 87 (10) | |
| None | 751 (86) | 741 (86) | |
| Primary diagnosis | Heart failure | 50 (6) | 48 (6) |
| Coronary heart disease | 138 (16) | 162 (19) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 176 (20) | 140 (16) | |
| Hypertension | 348 (40) | 325 (38) | |
| Asthma | 39 (4) | 42 (5) | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 122 (14) | 146 (17) | |
| Risk stratum | High | 252 (29) | 253 (29) |
| Moderate | 528 (60) | 519 (60) | |
| Low | 93 (11) | 91 (11) | |
| Risk tertile | Upper | 289 (33) | 279 (32) |
| Middle | 302 (35) | 298 (35) | |
| Lower | 282 (32) | 286 (33) |
ADL, activities of daily living; ER, emergency room; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.