Table 2.

A tabular summary of the evidence supporting a role for systemic leptin and adiponectin in COPD in humans

	Male		Female
	Population-based studies	Clinic/hospital based studies	Population- based studies	Clinic/hospital based studies
SYSTEMIC LEPTIN-COPD ASSOCIATION
COPD prevalence	–	↔	–	↑
COPD severity	–	↑/↔		↑
SYSTEMIC ADIPONECTIN-COPD ASSOCIATION
COPD prevalence	↓*	↑	–	–
COPD severity	–	↑	–	–

Key: ↑ means increased effect; ↓ means decreased effect; ↔ means no effect; – means no evidence is currently available.

Note 1:

^*This data was based on the association with lung function in healthy young adults [92].