Figure 1.

Experiment and location of neural recordings. (A) Rhesus monkey controlled joystick with left hand which translated to movements on computer screen. (B) Electrode arrays in arm representation regions of M1 and S1 cortex were implanted prior to data collection. (C) During task, peripheral targets appeared at one of four potential locations on the screen: 0, 90, 180, 270°. Workspace was divided into four quadrants, centered on each target location as divided by dashed diagonal lines. (D) Typical task sequence begins with cursor inside central target. After a random hold time, the target appears an as an arc on the gray boundary circle. On 25% of trials, this target persists and the cursor must be move through the target for reward. On the remaining trials, the target moves after a brief delay and the cursor must be move toward the new target to obtain a reward. (E) Shown are timelines of the presence of each target and joystick position. SSD is defined to be the time between when the first target appears and when the target is switched to the second location.