Table 4.

Hierarchical AMOVA based on six microsatellite loci in populations of pumpkinseed sunfish from lakes in central Ontario and the Adirondack region of New York State. AMOVA was used to test the hypothesis that contemporary drainage structure explains patterns of genetic variation by pooling ecomorphs within lakes and nesting lakes within drainages. For each parameter, upper values are based on allele frequency only (F_st) and lower values considered variation in allele size and allele frequency (R_st). Listed are variance (V), proportion of variance explained by a particular grouping (%), fixation index (haplotypic correlation at corresponding grouping), and the probability of having a more extreme variance component than that observed (P).

Effect	V	%	Fixation indices	P-value
Among drainages	0.093	3.93	0.039	<0.001
	40.7	27.2	0.037	<0.001
Among lakes within	0.18	7.61	0.079	<0.001
drainages	20.5	13.7	0.081	<0.001
Among individuals	2.1	88.4	0.115	<0.001
within lakes	88.5	59.1	0.115	<0.001