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. 2012 Jul 10;9(5):370–379. doi: 10.7150/ijms.4395

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© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.

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Effect of 18α-GA on mRNA expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway related proteins in human and rat HSCs. The mRNA expression of Smad3, COLl1A2, and COL3A1 was significantly decreased, while that of Smad7 dramatically increased, However, the mRNA expression of Smad2, Smad4, TβRI, TβRII remained unchanged after 18α-GA treatment. The mRNA expression of target genes was normalized to that of GAPDH and a value of 1.0 was assigned to the mRNA expression of target genes in the control group. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs control.