Table 2.

Spectrum of renal diseases induced by interferon-beta

Authors	Year	Gender	Age	Disease	Clinical	Kidney biopsy	Treatment	Evolution
Ubara et al22	1998	Female	66	CHC	HUS	Thrombotic microangiopathy	SB	Remission HUS
Gostman et al6	2000	Female	52	MS	NS	Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	SB	Remission NS
Nakao et al5	2002	Male	64	Melanoma	NS	Minimal change disease	SB	Remission NS
Tola et al4	2003	Male	39	MS	NS	Minimal change disease	SB – Steroids – azathioprine	Remission NS
Auty and Saleh9	2005	Male	28	MS	NS	Membranous nephropathy	SB – Steroids CsA – MMF	Remission NS
Kamasaka et al3	2006	Female	43	MS	NS	Minimal change disease	SB – Steroids	Remission NS
Hansen et al11	2009	Male	41	MS	RF	Thrombotic microangiopathy, antiphospholipid, SLE	SB – Steroids – CFM – MMF	CKD
Aravindan et al2	2010	Female	44	MS	NS	Minimal change disease	SB – Steroids – ACEI	Remission NS
Markowitz et al7	2010	Female	27	MS	NS	Collapsing focal segmental	NA	NA
		Female	33	MS	RF-Prot	SLE and Glomerulosclerosis	SB – Steroids	CKD
		Female	37	MS	RF-Prot		SB – Steroids – CFM	Proteinuria
Broughton et al21	2011	Female	53	MS	RF-Prot Mhem	Thrombotic microangiopathy	SB – ACEI	CKD Mhem

Abbreviations: CHC, chronic hepatitis C; HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome; MS, multiple sclerosis; NS, nephrotic syndrome; SB, stopped interferon-beta; CsA, cyclosporin; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; RF, renal failure; NA, not available; CKD, chronic kidney disease; Prot, proteinuria; Mhem, microhematuria; CFM, cyclophosphamide; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.