Table 2.
Maternal and perinatal characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | No. of cases (N = 266) | No. of controls (N = 798) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Gestational age (completed weeks) | |||||
| Preterm | 26 | 9.8 | 54 | 6.8 | |
| Term/postterm | 240 | 90.2 | 743 | 93.2 | 0.073 |
| Birth weight (grams) | |||||
| <2,500 | 16 | 6.0 | 43 | 5.4 | |
| 2,500–4,000 | 204 | 76.7 | 622 | 78.1 | |
| >4,000 | 46 | 17.3 | 131 | 16.5 | 0.873 |
| Size-for-gestational-age | |||||
| Small/appropriate | 207 | 81.8 | 679 | 87.2 | |
| Large-for-gestational-age | 46 | 18.2 | 100 | 12.8 | 0.024∗ |
| Method of delivery | |||||
| Vaginal spontaneous | 147 | 55.3 | 519 | 65.0 | |
| Vaginal assisted | 37 | 13.9 | 103 | 12.9 | |
| C-section | 82 | 30.8 | 176 | 22.1 | 0.009∗ |
| Mother's age (years) | |||||
| ≤34 | 235 | 88.3 | 725 | 90.9 | |
| >34 | 31 | 11.7 | 73 | 9.1 | 0.142 |
| Mother has T1DM | |||||
| Yes | 4 | 1.5 | 9 | 1.1 | |
| No | 262 | 98.5 | 789 | 98.9 | 0.416 |
| Mother has hypertension | |||||
| Yes | 18 | 6.8 | 56 | 7.0 | |
| No | 248 | 93.2 | 742 | 93.0 | 0.508 |
| Mother's marital status | |||||
| Married | 181 | 68.0 | 499 | 62.5 | |
| Single, separated, widowed, divorced | 85 | 32.0 | 299 | 37.5 | 0.060 |
| Birth order (including current live birth) | |||||
| 1-2 | 234 | 88.0 | 653 | 48.4 | |
| 3+ | 32 | 12.0 | 145 | 18.2 | 0.022∗ |
| Education | |||||
| Not graduated high school | 39 | 15.1 | 138 | 17.7 | |
| Graduated high school | 49 | 18.9 | 166 | 21.3 | |
| Education beyond high school | 171 | 66.0 | 475 | 61.0 | 0.344 |
*P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.