Table 3.
Risk of T1DM associated with specified maternal and perinatal factors.
| Variables | Birth weight/gestational age model | Size-for-gestational-age model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | P value | HR | P value | |
| Birth weight | ||||
| ≤4,000 | REF | — | — | |
| >4,000 | 1.07 | 0.692 | — | — |
| Gestational age | ||||
| Preterm | REF | — | — | |
| Term | 0.777 | 0.282 | — | — |
| Size-for-gestational age | ||||
| Small/appropriate | — | — | REF | |
| Large | — | — | 1.33 | 0.112 |
| Delivery method | ||||
| Vaginal | REF | REF | ||
| C-section | 1.41 | 0.015 | 1.304 | 0.076 |
| Mother's age (years) | ||||
| ≤34 | REF | REF | ||
| >34 | 1.14 | 0.531 | 1.15 | 0.5199 |
| Mother has T1DM | ||||
| No | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 1.16 | 0.795 | 1.129 | 0.388 |
| Mother has hypertension | ||||
| No | REF | REF | ||
| Yes | 0.836 | 0.502 | 0.930 | 0.552 |
| Mother's marital status | ||||
| Married | REF | REF | ||
| Single, separated, widowed, divorced | 0.880 | 0.654 | 0.849 | 0.3003 |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | REF | REF | ||
| 2+ | 1.04 | 0.787 | 1.010 | 0.942 |
| Mother's education | ||||
| Has not graduated high school | 0.880 | 0.520 | 0.898 | 0.597 |
| Graduated high school | 0.889 | 0.506 | 0.907 | 0.592 |
| Education beyond high school | REF | REF | ||
T1DM: type 1 diabetes mellitus.