TABLE 4.

Subscale comparisons by language, geography and education using purified subscale scores (free of items with differential item functioning)

Developer's Subscale Name	Language (Province) French/English	Education High/Low	Geography Urban/Rural
Accessibility
PCAS Organizational Access	+	NS	NS
PCAT First-Contact Utilization	+	NS	+
PCAT First-Contact Access	+	+ / NS	NS / +
EUROPEP Organization of Care	+	NS	NS
Comprehensiveness of Services
PCAT Comprehensiveness (services available)	+	NS	NS
CPCI Comprehensive Care	+	NS	NS
Relational Continuity
PCAS Visit-Based Continuity	+ / 0	NS / 0	NS
PCAS Contextual Knowledge	+	NS	NS
PCAT Ongoing Care	+ / NS	NS	NS
CPCI Accumulated Knowledge	+ / NS	NS	NS
CPCI Patient Preference for Regular Physician	+	NS	NS
Management Continuity
PCAS Integration	+	NS	NS
PCAT Coordination	+	NS	NS
CPCI Coordination of Care	+ / –	NS	NS
VANOCSS Coordination of Care (overall), number of problems	+	NS	NS
VANOCSS Specialty Provider Access, number of problems	+	+	NS
Interpersonal Communication
PCAS Communication	+	NS	NS
PCAS Trust	+ / NS	NS	+
CPCI Interpersonal Communication	+	NS	NS
EUROPEP Clinical Behaviour	+	NS	NS
IPC-II Communication (elicited concerns, responded)	+	NS / 0	NS
IPC-II Communication (explained results, medications)	+	NS	NS
IPC-II Decision-Making (patient-centred decision-making)	+	NS	NS
Respectfulness
PCAS Interpersonal Treatment	+	NS / 0	NS
IPC-II Hurried Communication	+	NS	NS
IPC-II Interpersonal Style (compassionate, respectful)	+	NS	NS
IPC-II Interpersonal Style (respectful office staff)	+	NS	NS
Whole-Person Care
PCAT Community Orientation	+	NS	NS
CPCI Community Context	+ / 0	NS / 0	NS

The symbol “+” indicates that previous positive differences between categories remain positive; “NS” indicates that previously non-significant differences remain non-significant. Symbols separated by “/” indicate a change between original and purified subscale results; “–“ indicates negative and “0” indicates that no items remained on which to test the purified result.