FIG. 3.

Effects of 3TC treatment that blocks the initial HIV infection on Th1 and Th17 responses. CD4 T cell cultures were infected with HIV-1 97ZA009 and treated with 3TC starting from day 0. IFN-γ and IL-17A production in response to PMA/ionomycin stimulation was measured by intracellular cytokine staining. Infection was detected by p24 intracellular staining. (A) Representative dot plots of IFN-γ or IL-17A production in uninfected and infected CD4 T cells cultured in the presence or absence of 3TC. (B) Relative frequencies of CD4 T cells synthesizing IFN-γ or IL-17A upon HIV-1 infection in the presence or absence of 3TC in cultures from three different donors (depicted with different symbols). Frequencies of IFN-γ⁺ or IL-17A⁺ CD4 T cells in the uninfected cultures from the same donors are normalized to 100%. p24% indicates the average and range of the percentages of CD4 T cells expressing p24 under the designated experimental conditions. Statistical significance was determined with the exact Wilcoxon rank sum test.