Table III.
Eczema subgroup analyses: infants (zero to two years)
| Risk level | Comparison | Number of participants (trials) |
Risk ratio (95% confidence interval) |
I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High risk |
Exclusive breastfeeding for at least six
months versus introduction of solids at three to six months |
135 (1) | 0.40 (0.21, 0.78) a | -- |
| Hydrolysed formula versus cow’s milk formula (prolonged feeding) |
2558 (*) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.06) | 0 | |
| Extensively hydrolysed formula versus cow’s milk formula (prolonged feeding) |
1726 (3) | 0.83 (0.58, 1.21) | 19 | |
| Partially hydrolysed formula versus cow’s milk formula (prolonged feeding) |
1361 (7) | 0.09 (0.71, 1.15) | 0 | |
| Extensively hydrolysed formula versus partially hydrolysed formula (prolonged feeding) |
1865 (4) | 0.89 (0.74, 1.07) | 0 | |
| Soy formula versus cow’s milk formula | 461 (1) | 1.20 (0.95, 1.52) | -- | |
| Maternal antigen avoidance versus standard diet |
360 (3) | 0.95 (0.63, 1.44) | 21 | |
| Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation versus placebo |
83 (1) | 1.49 (0.84, 2.63) | -- | |
| Omega-6 fatty acid supplementation versus placebo |
259 (2) | 0.80 (0.56, 1.16) | 0 | |
| Prebiotic versus no prebiotic | 206 (1) | 0.42 (0.21, 0.84) b | -- | |
| Probiotic versus no probiotic | 1420 (4) | 0.86 (0.66, 1.12) | 58 | |
| Not selected for risk |
Exclusive versus mixed breastfeeding for three to seven months |
3483 (1) | 1.00 (0.60, 1.69) | -- |
| Prebiotic versus no prebiotic | 226 (1) | 1.62 (0.62, 4.26) | -- | |
| Prebiotic versus other prebiotic * | 150 (1) | 0.22 (0.07, 0.76) c | -- | |
| Probiotic versus no probiotic | 72 (1) | 0.63 (0.21, 1.89) | -- |
a
Significantly favours exclusive breastfeeding for three to seven months.
b
Significantly favours prebiotic.
c
Significantly favours prebiotic (polydextrose, galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose).
*
Polydextrose, galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose versus polydextrose and galacto-oligosaccharide.
Bold text indicates statistical significance.