Table 3.

The association between momentary greenness exposure and the likelihood of MVPA at 30-second interval point locations. The analysis was restricted to residential neighborhood activity and the logistic model included a random effect on subjects to account for nested measures^a.

	Definition	β (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Response Variable
MVPA	0: Sedentary/light
	1: Moderate/vigorous
Covariates
NDVIb	Normalized difference vegetation index	0.29 (0.27, 0.32)	1.34 (1.30, 1.38)	< 0.001
Community	0: Conventional
	1: Smart growth	0.23 (−0.20, 0.65)	1.26 (0.82, 1.92)	0.29
Gender	0: Male
	1: Female	−0.50 (−0.85, −0.14)	0.61 (0.43, 0.87)	0.01
Age	0: 8–10 years
	1: 11–14 years	−0.37 (−0.76, 0.02)	0.69 (0.47, 1.02)	0.06
Income	Annual income ($1000 US dollars)	−0.005 (−0.009, 0)	0.995 (0.991, 1.000)	0.06
Race	Reference:
African American	Caucasian	−0.21 (−1.20, 0.78)	0.81 (0.30, 2.18)	0.67
Hispanic		−0.05 (−0.51, 0.41)	0.95 (0.60, 1.50)	0.82
Asian		−0.33 (−0.97, 0.32)	0.72 (0.38, 1.38)	0.33
Otherc		−0.37 (−0.93, 0.18)	0.69 (0.40, 1.20)	0.19
Leisure	Reference:
School weekends	weekday hours	−0.47 (−0.52, −0.41)	0.63 (0.59, 0.66)	< 0.001
Summer	before and after school until 2300hrs	−0.19 (−0.60, 0.23)	0.83 (0.55, 1.26)	0.38
MVPA kerneld		−16.85 (−26.17, −7.53)		< 0.001
NDVI*Community	Interaction	0.04 (0.001, 0.085)	1.044 (1.001, 1.089)	0.04

^aThere were 208 subjects and a total of 142,552 30-second epochs. The epoch was the unit of analysis.

^bNegative NDVI values primarily representing water were assigned 0. For the regression model all values were rescaled by dividing by their 10–90^th quantile range.

^cRace category “other” includes mixed, other, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian.

^dMVPA kernel density estimate (bandwidth 100m) included to address spatial autocorrelation.