Table 3. Community level results of multilevel logistic model for the outcome of modern contraceptive use, domains of community demographics and fertility norms and community economic prosperity.
| Region and Country | Community demographics and fertility norms | Community economic prosperity | |||||
| Mean age at marriagein the community | Mean age at first intercourse in the community | Mean age at first birth in the community | Mean ideal numberof children in the community | Gender compositionof children in the community | Mean community wealth index factor score | ||
| Eastern Africa | |||||||
| Ethiopia (2005) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) | 0.92 (0.77, 1.09) | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) | 0.84 (0.78, 0.91) | 0.99 (0.75, 1.31) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Kenya (2008–09) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.20) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | 0.74 (0.65, 0.83) | 1.14 (0.91, 1.43) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Madagascar (2008–09) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.18) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.98) | 0.68 (0.62, 0.74) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Rwanda (2005) | 1.11 (0.90, 1.35) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.13) | 0.93 (0.76, 1.15) | 0.70 (0.58, 0.86) | 0.93 (0.66, 1.30) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Uganda (2006) | 1.11 (0.98, 1.25) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.13) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 0.90 (0.78, 1.05) | 1.48 (1.11, 1.97) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Zambia (2007) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.26) | 0.80 (0.69, 0.91) | 0.81 (0.70, 0.92) | 1.00 (0.75, 1.35) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Zimbabwe (2005–06) | 0.84 (0.77, 0.92) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.24) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.14) | 0.81 (0.70, 0.93) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.18) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Middle Africa | |||||||
| Congo (2005) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) | 0.96 (0.79, 1.16) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.11) | 1.11 (0.93, 1.32) | 0.77 (0.55, 1.07) | 1.00 (1.00,.100) | |
| Democratic Republic of Congo (2007) | 1.14 (0.95, 1.36) | 0.83 (0.69, 1.00) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.94) | 0.66 (0.38, 1.16) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Northern Africa | |||||||
| Egypt (2008) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) | ** | 0.92 (0.87, 0.99) | 0.55 (0.50, 0.61) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Southern Africa | |||||||
| Namibia (2006–07) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.05) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01) | 0.92 (0.85, 1.00) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.11) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Swaziland (2006–07) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) | 1.03 (0.92, 1.17) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.08) | 0.77 (0.65, 0.93) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.38) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Western Africa | |||||||
| Benin (2006) | 1.09 (0.95, 1.25) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.04) | 0.89 (0.66, 1.19) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Ghana (2008) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.07) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.13) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.20) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.09) | 1.10 (0.83, 1.45) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Guinea (2005) | 1.27 (1.02, 1.59) | 0.96 (0.73, 1.25) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.98) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.11) | 2.14 (1.25, 3.69) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Liberia (2007) | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) | 1.11 (0.94, 1.32) | 0.98 (0.88. 1.10) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.59, 1.32) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Mali (2006) | 1.09 (0.91, 1.23) | 1.14 (0.97, 1.34) | 0.87 (0.78, 0.98) | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | 1.10 (0.78, 1.57) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Niger (2006) | 0.95 (0.68, 1.32) | 1.25 (0.87, 1.79) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.01) | 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) | 0.85 (0.53, 1.34) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Nigeria (2008) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.96) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.71 (0.66, 0.76) | 1.01 (0.79, 1.27) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Senegal (2005) | 1.22 (1.02, 1.45) | 0.75 (0.62, 0.91) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.14) | 0.72 (0.62, 0.84) | 1.04 (0.74, 1.46) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
| Sierra Leone (2008) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.09) | 1.24 (1.04, 1.49) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 0.76 (0.61, 0.94) | 1.38 (0.88, 2.15) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | |
Values reported as adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)*†.
*
Models controlled for the following individual and household level factors: age, age at marriage, partner age difference, number of living children, death of a child, gender composition of children, religion, residence, wealth, employment, education (respondent and partner), violence index, decision-making autonomy index, HIV knowledge index, reproductive health knowledge index, media exposure index.
†
Bolded figures are significant at 0.05 level.
**
Information on age at first intercourse not collected in the 2008 Egypt DHS – Women’s Questionnaire.