Table1.

Hemodynamic parameters measured before, during and after trauma-hemorrhage.

Group	Time	HR(bmp)	LVDP(mmHg)	SV(bmp*µl)	CO(ml/min)	SW(mmHg*µl)	dP/dtmax (mmHg/s)	Mean AP (mmHg)
Vehicle Sham	Before	445±11	107.0±3.0	23.5±2.4	10.7±1.2	2120±191	12359±932	90.4±2.9
	During	458±12	105.1±2.2	23.7±3.1	10.9±1.5	2107±256	12567±1011	89.1±2.7
	After	550±42	106.4±2.4	23.7±2.9	13.0±1.8	2185±254	12342±1064	86.0±3.6
CpG Sham	Before	425±24	104.5±1.4	30.9±2.4	13.2±1.3	2594±240	9551±958	88.2±0.6
	During	429±23	108.6±1.3	32.2±2.8	13.8±1.4	2745±264	10170±1072	91.4±1.0
	After	571±22‡	109.0±2.0	26.4±1.8	15.2±1.6	2454±156	10367±688	92.0±2.2
Vehicle T-H	Before	461±18	104.6±3.9	23.1±1.1	10.6±0.7	2047±150	7819±652	88.4±5.0
	During	433±30	52.1±1.5‡*	14.1±2.1‡*	6.3±1.2‡*	536±96‡*	3113±453‡*	35.8±0.8‡*
	After	396±24‡*	60.5±4.3‡*	14.4±1.5‡*	5.7±0.7‡*	722±133‡*	3263±457‡*	42.9±4.2‡*
CpG T-H	Before	424±9	103.3±4.0	28.8±1.6	12.2±0.5	2363±147	9179±356	80.5±2.4
	During	413±20	51.9±1.9‡	18.9±2.9‡	7.6±0.9‡	712±124‡	2591±124‡	35.5±1.1‡
	After	556±15‡#	101.6±1.6#	21.4±0.9‡#	11.9±0.7#	1561±147‡#	6437±436‡#	81.9±2.2#

CpG-ODN was intraperitoneally administrated 1 hour before trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). Hemodynamic parameters were measured “Before” (before hemorrhage), “During” (during the first 10 minutes of hemorrhage, the mean AP was maintained at 35±5 mmHg) and “After” (at 60 minutes after the initiation of hemorrhage). Sham control was subjected to the same procedures as T-H group, but without bleeding. HR: heart rate; LVDP: left ventricular developed pressure (left ventricular systolic pressure- left ventricular diastolic pressure); SV: stroke volume; CO: cardiac output; SW: stroke work; dP/dtmax: maximum value of dP/dt; Mean AP: mean arterial pressure. Results are presented as mean ± SEM (N = 5–8/group). ,

^‡P < 0.05 compared to corresponding “Before”;

^*P < 0.05 Vehicle T-H vs. Vehicle sham;

^#P < 0.05 CpG T-H vs. Vehicle T-H.