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Physiological and pathophysiological functions of α-synuclein on membrane dynamics. Effects of α-synuclein on membrane fusion events can explain why both an increase of α-synuclein expression and a loss of α-synuclein have adverse effects. Overexpression of α-synuclein causes ER/Golgi vesicle trafficking defects and mitochondrial fragmentation, whereas α-synuclein deficiency affects SNARE complex assembly.
