Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the enrolled participants.
|
Overall Sample N(%) or Mean±SD |
Single Session Only N(%) or Mean±SD |
Multisession N(%) or Mean±SD |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size | 605 | 302 | 303 | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Literacy (TOFHLA) | 24.2±12.3 | 24.5±12.4 | 24.0±12.2 | 0.63 |
| Site | 1.00 | |||
| UNC | 216 (36) | 108 (36) | 108 (36) | |
| NU | 166 (27) | 83 (27) | 83 (27) | |
| UCSF | 148 (24) | 74 (25) | 74 (24) | |
| UCLA | 75 (12) | 37 (12) | 38 (13) | |
| Age | 60.7±13.1 | 60.3±12.3 | 61.1±13.8 | 0.49 |
| Race/Ethnicity | 0.73 | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 233 (39) | 122 (40) | 111 (37) | |
| Hispanic | 97 (16) | 43 (14) | 54 (18) | |
| African American | 232 (38) | 114 (38) | 118 (39) | |
| Other | 41 (7) | 22 (7) | 19 (6) | |
| Missing | 2 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| Gender: Male | 314 (52) | 156 (52) | 158 (52) | 0.90 |
| Language: English | 522 (87) | 261 (88) | 261 (87) | 0.67 |
| Income Level, $ | 0.91 | |||
| <15,000 | 305 (52) | 153 (52) | 152 (52) | |
| 15,000-24,999 | 92 (16) | 43 (15) | 49 (17) | |
| 25,000-40,000 | 67 (11) | 35 (12) | 32 (11) | |
| >40,000 | 125 (21) | 63 (21) | 62 (21) | |
| Education Level | 0.22 | |||
| <12th grade | 160 (26) | 78 (26) | 82 (27) | |
| High School | 177 (29) | 86 (28) | 91 (30) | |
| Some college | 140 (23) | 64 (21) | 76 (25) | |
| College graduate or greater |
128 (21) | 74 (25) | 54 (18) | |
| Subjective | 5 (3, 7) | 5 (3, 7) | 4 (2, 6) | 0.01* |
| Socioeconomic Status (median and interquartile range) |
||||
| Insurance | 0.76 | |||
| Medicare Only | 65 (11) | 28 (9) | 37 (12) | |
| Medicare & Medicaid | 104 (17) | 52 (17) | 52 (17) | |
| Medicare & Private | 129 (21) | 68 (23) | 61 (20) | |
| Medicaid | 151 (25) | 77 (25) | 74 (24) | |
| Private | 77 (13) | 35 (12) | 42 (14) | |
| Uninsured | 79 (13) | 42 (14) | 37 (12) | |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||
| HFSS | 61±22 | 63±22 | 59±22 | 0.02 |
| NYHA Class at baseline | 0.556* | |||
| I | 114 (19) | 60 (20) | 54 (18) | |
| II | 304 (50) | 152 (50) | 152 (50) | |
| III | 118 (20) | 56 (19) | 62 (20) | |
| IV | 69 (11) | 34 (11) | 35 (12) | |
| Systolic Dysfunction: | 355 (59) | 186 (62) | 169 (56) | 0.15 |
| LV Ejection fraction <0.45 |
||||
| Systolic BP (mm/Hg) | 125±23 | 124±22 | 125±24 | 0.58 |
| Diastolic BP (mm/Hg) | 71±13 | 72±14 | 71±12 | 0.34 |
| Body Mass index | 33.1±8.9 | 33.8±9.0 | 32.5±8.7 | 0.09 |
| Creatinine level | 1.3±0.5 | 1.2±0.5 | 1.3±0.6 | 0.19 |
| Diabetes | 290 (48) | 140 (46) | 150 (50) | 0.44 |
| Hypertension | 513 (85) | 257 (85) | 256 (84) | 0.83 |
| Atrial Fibrillation | 288 (48) | 136 (45) | 152 (50) | 0.21 |
| Previous MI or angina | 230 (38) | 112 (37) | 118 (39) | 0.64 |
| PHQ Depression Score | 7.5±5.4 | 7.1±5.3 | 7.8±5.6 | 0.12 |
| Current smoker | 96 (16) | 50 (17) | 46 (15) | 0.64 |
| Medication History | ||||
| ACE-I | 391 (66) | 200 (67) | 191 (64) | 0.37 |
| ARB | 120 (20) | 64 (21) | 56 (18) | 0.39 |
| ACE-I or ARB | 497 (82) | 258 (85) | 239 (79) | 0.04 |
| Beta blocker | 492 (82) | 251 (84) | 241 (80) | 0.16 |
| Spironolactone | 166 (27) | 90 (30) | 76 (25) | 0.20 |
Abbreviations: TOFHLA=Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, HFSS=Heart Failure Symptom Scale, NYHA=New York Heart Association, LV=Left Ventricular, BP=Blood Pressure, MI=Myocardial Infarction, PHQ=Patient Health Questionnaire, ACE-I=Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, ARB=Angiotensin Receptor Blocker.
*
For subjective socioeconomic status and NYHA class, we used the nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. However, the conclusions remained the same regardless of statistical test used.