Table 1.
Reports of T. cruziinfection in nonhuman primates in the United States
| Species | No. of NHP infected/ no. tested | State where infection identified (and likely acquired) | Evidence (method of detection) | Reference |
| Pileated gibbon (Hylobates pileatus) | 1/1 | Louisiana | Amastigotes in myocardium at necropsy | 30 |
| Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) | 1/1 | Maryland (Texas or Georgia) | Blood culture after inadvertently transferred to immunosuppressed NHP; recipient confirmed by blood smears, serology, and xenodiagnosis | 9 |
| Rhesus macaque | 20/236 (8.5%) | Texas | Index case: amastigotes observed at necropsy; 19 additional by serology | 17 |
| Squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) | 2/2 | Louisiana | Microscopy, hemoculture, and xenodiagnosis | 12 |
| Yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) | 1/1 | Texas | Amastigotes noted at necropsy | 13 |
| Crested black macaque (Macaca nigra) | 1/1 | Oregon (Texas) | Flagellates observed in spinal fluid; amastigotes in brain at necropsy; serology | 25 |
| Lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) | 7/11 (64%) | Georgia | Hemoculture and PCR | 27 |
| Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) | 1/19 (5%) | Georgia | Hemoculture and PCR | 27 |
| Pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) | 1/1 | Washington (Louisiana) | Hemoculture, PCR, and serology | 29 |
| Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) | 21/41 (51%) | Georgia | Hemoculture, PCR, and serology | 14 |
| Black-eyed lemur (Eulemur macaco flavifrons) | 1/5 (20%) | Georgia | Serology | 14 |
| Black and white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata variegata) | 3/4 (75%) | Georgia | Serology | 14 |
| Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) | 1 | Texas | Amastigotes on necropsy, PCR, and immunohistochemistry | 5 |