Table 2. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite data from tufted duck.
| Markers | Grouping | Variation among groups (%) | Variation among populations within groups (%) | Variation within populations (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mtDNA | Europe (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), | −0.77 | 17.00** | 83.76 |
| Western Siberia (9) and | ||||
| Eastern Siberia (14, 15) | ||||
| microsatellites | 0.05 | 1.72** | 98.23 | |
| mtDNA- | 0.79 | 1.34 | 97.87 | |
| North-western Europe (18, 22, 28, 30) and | ||||
| South-eastern Europe (21, 23, 25, 26) | ||||
| microsatellites | −0.29 | 0.53 | 99.76 |
Samples from breeding grounds (top) were grouped by three major breeding areas (Europe, Western Siberia and Eastern Siberia). Wintering ducks (bottom) were partitioned according to two major European wintering regions. Numbers in brackets represent the map reference numbers (shown in Figure 1) of the sample within each group.
** P<0.001.