Expression of dominant-negative (DN) mutant CaMKII prevents morphine-induced spine collapse. A, representative live images of cultured hippocampal neurons first taken at 21 DIV and then imaged again 1 and 3 days after drug treatment. Neurons were transfected with plasmids encoding either GFP alone, DsRed and GFP-tagged CaMKII WT, or DsRed and CaMKII DN tagged with GFP at 7 DIV. Row 1 shows GFP; rows 2 and 3 show DsRed. Arrows denote spine collapse. Scale bar, 10 μm. B, quantification of spine density in A. Morphine treatment causes a significant decrease in spine density. The effect persists when neurons are transfected with CaMKII WT but is blocked when neurons are transfected with CaMKII DN. C, quantification of protrusion density in A. Morphine treatment causes a significant decrease in protrusion density. The effect persists when neurons are transfected with CaMKII WT but is blocked when neurons are transfected with CaMKII DN. Repeated-measures two-way ANOVA; Bonferroni post-test: **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; n = 8 to 10 neurons/group.