(A) Binding specificity of PNATAR-aminoglucosamine (conjugate 5a) to its target sequence. The affinity of the conjugate 5a (A) for its target sequence on the TAR RNA was assessed by gel mobility shift analysis. (B) TAR mutant RNA carrying a deletion at the top of the stem (TAR BS). (C) The 98 mer HCV 3’NTR RNA fragment as the non target RNA. (D) TAR RNA incubated with scrambled PNA-glucosamine conjugate 5a as a negative control. Lane 1 through 7 represents molar ratios of PNATAR-glucosamine or scrambled PNA-aminoglucosamine to TAR RNA of 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0, respectively.