Table 5.
Summary of hierarchic regression analysis for variables predicting violence at ages 15–18 years—adds SSDP unique predictors (n=505)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||||
| B | Sig. | OR | B | Sig. | OR | B | Sig. | OR | B | Sig. | OR | B | Sig. | OR | |
| Gender | 0.594 | 0.003 | 1.811 (1.2,2.69) |
0.465 | 0.025 | 1.591 (1.06,2.387) |
0.422 | 0.044 | 1.525 (1.01,2.3) |
0.430 | 0.042 | 1.538 (1.02,2.33) |
0.294 | 0.188 | 1.342 (0.866, 2.08) |
| Poverty | 0.955 | 0.000 | 2.599 (1.66,4.1) |
0.903 | 0.000 | 2.467 (1.57,3.88) |
0.871 | 0.000 | 2.390 (1.52,3.77) |
0.791 | 0.001 | 2.206 (1.38,3.525) |
0.717 | 0.004 | 2.049 (1.263,3.32) |
| African-American | 0.026 | 0.919 | 1.026 (0.62,1.69) |
−0.045 | 0.861 | 0.956 (0.57,1.593) |
−0.015 | 0.953 | 0.985 (0.589,1.647) |
−0.082 | 0.765 | 0.922 (0.54,1.574) |
−0.152 | 0.592 | 0.859 (0.494,1.496) |
| Native American | 0.317 | 0.485 | 1.373 0.56,3.35) |
0.239 | 0.607 | 1.270 (0.51,3.16) |
0.302 | 0.519 | 1.353 (0.54,3.387) |
0.219 | 0.645 | 1.244 (0.49,3.158) |
0.227 | 0.642 | 1.255 (0.48,3.260) |
| Asian-American | −1.052 | 0.001 | 0.349 (0.19,0.63) |
−0.896 | 0.004 | 0.408 (0.22,0.749) |
−0.924 | 0.003 | 0.397 (0.214,0.734) |
−0.999 | 0.002 | 0.368 (0.195,0.694) |
−0.823 | 0.015 | 0.439 (0.226,0.854) |
| Attention problems/ ADHD ages 10–12 years (R) |
0.787 | 0.001 | 2.197 (1.39,3.47) |
0.786 | 0.001 | 2.195 (1.39,3.468) |
0.723 | 0.003 | 2.060 (1.27,3.337) |
0.740 | 0.004 | 2.096 (1.26,3.475) |
|||
| Refusal skills age 12 years (P) |
−0.020 | 0.929 | 0.981 (0.64,1.51) |
0.013 | 0.952 | 1.014 (0.657,1.563) |
0.006 | 0.980 | 1.006 (0.65,1.557) |
0.009 | 0.970 | 1.009 (0.644,1.581) |
|||
| Poor family management ages 10–12 years (R) |
0.427 | 0.066 | 1.533 (0.97,2.419) |
0.411 | 0.084 | 1.508 (0.947,2.402) |
0.319 | 0.197 | 1.375 (0.848,2.23) |
||||||
| Family conflict ages 10–12 years (R) |
0.104 | 0.667 | 1.109 (0.69,1.778) |
0.123 | 0.615 | 1.130 (0.70,1.823) |
0.093 | 0.708 | 1.098 (0.674,1.788) |
||||||
| CAT ages 10–12 years (P) |
−0.195 | 0.459 | 0.823 (0.49,1.380) |
−0.162 | 0.553 | 0.850 (0.498,1.45) |
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| Low expectations/ aspirations toward school ages 10–12 years (R) |
0.302 | 0.207 | 1.353 (0.846,2.163) |
0.294 | 0.238 | 1.342 (0.823,2.186) |
|||||||||
| School attachment ages 10–12 years (P) |
0.132 | 0.613 | 1.141 (0.685,1.90) |
0.249 | 0.353 | 1.283 (0.759,2.169) |
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| Low school commitment ages 10–12 years (R) |
0.003 | 0.990 | 1.003 (0.598,1.684) |
−0.190 | 0.490 | 0.827 (0.483,1.417) |
|||||||||
| Peer delinquency ages 10–12 years (R ) |
0.298 | 0.188 | 1.347 (0.864,2.100) |
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| Neighborhood kids in trouble ages 10–12 years (R ) |
0.299 | 0.286 | 1.349 (0.779,2.337) |
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| Neighborhood attachment ages 10– 12 years (R) |
0.390 | 0.126 | 1.477 (0.896,2.434) |
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| Perceived availability and exposure to marijuana ages 10– 12 years (R ) |
0.812 | 0.001 | 2.253 (1.41,3.60) |
||||||||||||
| Nagelkerke R2 | 0.106 | 0.134 | 0.144 | 0.15 | 0.205 | ||||||||||
| −2 Log-likelihood | 598.398 | 586.955 | 582.958 | 580.491 | 557.995 | ||||||||||
| log-likelihood ratio test (χ2-value) |
39.761** | 11.444** | 3.997 | 2.466 | 22.496** | ||||||||||
(R) indicates risk effect
(P) indicates direct protective effect