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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Ophthalmol. 2012 Apr 27;154(2):315–325.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.02.014

Table 1.

Comparison of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline between participants and nonparticipants in the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study 4-year follow-up study.

Analysis cohorta Nonparticipants or Excludedb
(N=3939) (N=1968)
Characteristics n % n % P Valuec
Gender (female) 2355 59.8 1130 57.4 0.09
Age group at baseline(yrs)
    Mean age at baseline (±SD) 54.6±10.3 53.7±10.9 0.002
    40 to 49 1485 37.7 857 43.6
    50 to 59 1244 31.6 582 29.6
    60 to 69 809 20.5 324 16.5
    70 to 79 342 8.7 157 8.0
    80+ 59 1.5 48 2.4
Born in the United States 921 23.4 436 22.2 0.32
Acculturation (low |<1.9|)d 2640 67.0 1343 68.5 0.31
Working status (employed) 1988 50.5 1003 51.0 0.70
Education level ≥12 yrs 1347 34.2 626 31.8 0.08
Marital status (married) 2896 73.5 1391 70.7 0.03
Annual income> $40,000 491 12.5 247 12.6 0.83
Having health insurance 2646 67.2 1117 56.8 <0.0001
With ≥ 2 co-morbiditiese 1642 41.7 693 35.2 <0.0001
Self-reported health status: excellent/good 749 19.0 384 19.5 0.65
History of hypertension 1184 30.1 527 26.8 0.01
History of diabetes mellitus 661 16.8 291 14.8 0.06
Self-reported vision status: excellent/good 1634 41.5 766 38.9 0.08
With any ocular disease 1376 34.9 669 34.0 0.45
Glaucoma diagnosed 162 4.3 88 4.5 0.74
Self-reported cataract history 388 9.9 169 8.6 0.14
Self-reported glaucoma history 107 2.7 52 2.6 0.96
Self-reported macular degeneration history 29 0.7 13 0.7 0.88
Self-reported diabetic retinopathy history 82 2.1 37 1.9 0.95

SD= standard deviation.

a

Participants completing the clinical examination at 4-year follow-up.

b

Nonparticipants of the follow-up examination participated in the baseline examination but did not have glaucoma data at follow-up.

c

Chi-square test for categorical variables; t test for continuous variables.

d

Acculturation was measured using the short-form Cuellar Acculturation Scale.

e

Comorbidities refer to the summation of the following medical conditions: arthritis, diabetes mellitus, back pain, hypertension, deafness, asthma, angina, skin cancers, heart disease, stroke, and heart failure.