Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2012 Jun 12;37(11):1240–1247. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.06.008

Table 3.

Multivariate Multinomial Regression Analyses Predicting Comorbid Substance Use Disorders and Major Depressive Disorder from Childhood and Adolescent Risk Factors (N=1181): Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)

SUD with
Depression
vs. Neither		 SUD
without
Depression
vs. Neither		 Depression
without a
SUD vs.
Neither		 SUD
without
Depression
vs.
Depression
without a
SUD		 SUD with
Depression
vs.
Depression
without a
SUD		 SUD with
Depression
vs. SUD
without
Depression
OR & 95%
CI		 OR & 95%
CI		 OR & 95%
CI		 OR & 95%
CI		 OR & 95%
CI		 OR & 95%
CI
Male 1.99 (1.15–3.45)* 2.00 (1.39–2.89)** 0.40 (0.23–0.72)** 4.95 (2.58–9.49)** 4.92 (2.36–10.26)** 0.99 (0.54–1.83)
Low Self-Controla 1.07 (0.76–1.51) 1.36 (1.09–1.70)** 1.26 (0.90–1.76) 1.08 (0.75–1.57) 0.85 (0.54–1.34) 0.79 (0.54–1.14)
Angry/Aggressive Feelings Scaleb 1.04 (0.99–1.09)+ 1.02 (0.99–1.06) 1.04 (0.98–1.09) 0.99 (0.93–1.05) 1.01 (0.95–1.07) 1.02 (0.97–1.07)
Depressive Feelings Scaleb 1.00 (0.95–1.06) 0.99 (0.95–1.03) 1.02 (0.96–1.07) 0.97 (0.92–1.04) 0.98 (0.92–1.05) 1.01 (0.95–1.07)
Onset of Marijuana Useb 1.63 (1.19–2.24)** 1.26 (1.00–1.59)* 0.98 (0.69–1.38) 1.29 (0.87–1.92) 1.67 (1.12–2.48)* 1.29 (0.93–1.80)
High School Dropoutc 1.31 (0.73–2.35) 2.01 (1.31–3.08)** 0.80 (0.41–1.53) 2.53 (1.25–5.11)* 1.64 (0.74–3.64) 0.65 (0.35–1.22)
Mothers’ Years of Schoolinga 1.02 (0.91–1.14) 1.00 (0.93–1.09) 0.89 (0.81–0.99)* 1.12 (1.00–1.26)* 1.14 (0.99–1.32)+ 1.02 (0.89–1.16)
Mothers’ Frequent Depressive Feelingsa,b 0.92 (0.47–1.80) 0.83 (0.54–1.29) 0.89 (0.48–1.65) 0.93 (0.45–1.92) 1.03 (0.45–2.36) 1.11 (0.53–2.29)
Family Substance Useb 0.84 (0.47–1.49) 0.95 (0.66–1.37) 0.68 (0.38–1.23) 1.39 (0.72–2.66) 1.22 (0.57–2.62) 0.88 (0.49–1.60)
Family Conflict Scaleb 1.22 (0.94–1.58) 0.94 (0.80–1.10) 1.33 (1.02–1.74)* 0.70 (0.52–0.96)* 0.91 (0.67–1.24) 1.29 (0.99–1.69)+
Low Parental Supervisionb 1.43 (0.73–2.78) 0.71 (0.43–1.17) 1.35 (0.64–2.86) 0.52 (0.22–1.24) 1.06 (0.46–2.43) 2.02 (0.95–4.29)+
a

reported in childhood (age 6)

b

reported in adolescence (age 16)

c

compiled through retrospective self-reports in adulthood and Board of Education Records

**

p<0.01,

*

p<0.05,

+

p<0.10