Table 1.
Sample of social projection studies with main characteristics and findings.
| Study | Target of prediction | Topic of prediction | Paradigm | Resulta |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bender and Hastorf (1950) | Class members | Personality characteristics | AS | r = 0.55, r = 0.71 |
| Clement and Krueger (2000) | Majority of people | Trait adjectives | AS | r = 0.24 |
| Dawes and Mulford (1996) | Students | CPI | AS | r = 0.59 |
| de la Haye (2000) | Students | Personal statements | FC | r = 0.30, r = 0.34 |
| Hoch (1987) | Average consumer, peer, spouse | Attitude statements | FC/AS | r = 0.26, r = 0.47, r = 0.52 |
| Krueger and Clement (1994) | General population | MMPI | FC | r = 0.35 |
| Krueger and Zeiger (1993) | General population (men & women) | MMPI | FC | r = 0.45, r = 0.47 |
| Monin and Norton (2003) | Students | Questionnaire | AS | r = 0.28, r = 0.34 |
| Pollmann et al. (2008) | Similar person (average student, average Dutch person) | Scenarios | AS | r = 0.74, r = 0.94 |
Note. AS = Assumed similarity method, FC = False consensus method, CPI = California Psychological Inventory, MMPI = Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
a
Correlations between own judgment and the prediction for others. For multiple results, projection was measured on various occasions, or for different target people.