Table 2.
Receipt of Any Payment, Total Payments, and Payment per Discharge by Disproportionate Share Index Quartile in Phase 1 and Phase 2 of Hospital Quality Incentive Demonstration
| Phase 1 | Phase 1 Difference (Quartilei − Quartile1) | Phase 2 | Phase 2 Difference (Quartilei − Quartile1) | Difference-in-Differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Receipt of any payment†,§ | |||||
| Quartile 1 (reference) | 66.1 (4.5) | – | 96.6 | – | – |
| Quartile 2 | 43.3 (4.9) | −22.8 (6.7)*** | 91.2 (3.3) | −5.3 (3.9) | 17.5 (7.0)** |
| Quartile 3 | 46.2 (4.8) | −19.9 (6.6)*** | 94.7 (2.7) | −1.8 (3.4) | 18.1 (6.9)*** |
| Quartile 4 | 33.3 (4.8) | −32.8 (6.6)*** | 92.1 (3.2) | −4.4 (3.8) | 28.3 (7.0)*** |
| Total payment‡ | |||||
| Quartile 1 (reference) | $48,482 (13,024) | – | $40,543 (5,041) | – | – |
| Quartile 2 | $23,761 (5,082) | −$24,721 (13,980)* | $30,450 (3,549) | −10,093 (6,165) | 14,629 (12199) |
| Quartile 3 | $29,617 (5,525) | −$18,865 (14,147) | $41,656 (4,090) | 1,114 (6,491) | 19,979 (12,541) |
| Quartile 4 | $39,843 (10,758) | −$8,639 (16,892) | $48,568 (5,762) | 8,025 (7,656) | 16,664 (14,978) |
| Payment per discharge†,‡,¶ | |||||
| Quartile 1 (reference) | $48.32 (6.49) | – | $33.95 (3.03) | – | – |
| Quartile 2 | $22.92 (3.42) | −$25.40 (7.34)*** | $23.47 (2.08) | −$10.48 (3.67)*** | $14.92 (7.83)* |
| Quartile 3 | $27.03 (4.04) | −$21.28 (7.65)*** | $30.00 (2.64) | −$3.94 (4.02) | $17.34 (8.32)** |
| Quartile 4 | $21.48 (4.35) | −$26.84 (7.81)*** | $28.41 (2.78) | −$5.53 (4.11) | $21.31 (8.20)*** |
Notes. Table includes 229 hospitals each with 5 years of data. Quartile 1 hospitals have the lowest Disproportionate Share Index values, indicating the least disadvantage. Standard errors are shown in parentheses.
p < .01,
p < .05,
p < .10 for test of differences for levels and difference-in-differences estimates between a given quartile and Quartile 1.
p < .05 for joint test of difference across quartiles of the Disproportionate Share Index in Phase 1.
p < .05 for joint test of difference across quartiles of the Disproportionate Share Index in Phase 2.
p < .05 for joint test of whether difference-in-difference estimates are equal to 0.
p < .10 for joint test of whether difference-in-difference estimates are equal to 0.