Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of Study Hospitals

	Current Peer Group
Variables	No. of Beds ≤ 300 (N = 120)	No. of Beds ≥ 301 (N = 102)	X2/t Value
Hospital characteristics
Ownership
Private	102 (85.0)	92 (90.2)	1.3
Public	18 (15.0)	10 (9.8)
Teaching status
Medical school	9 (7.5)	26 (25.5)	13.4**
Other	111 (92.5)	76 (74.5)
Location
Metropolitan	99 (82.5)	74 (72.6)	13.0**
Municipality	9 (7.5)	24 (23.5)
County	12 (10.0)	4 (3.9)
Composition of medical staff
Number of physician specialists	19.5 ± 10.6	64.1 ± 41.1	−10.6**
Number of nurses	73.8 ± 36.3	206.2 ± 103.5	−12.3**
Number of medical technicians	18.7 ± 7.8	52.2 ± 28.2	−11.6**
Number of specialties	11.7 ± 2.7	19.1 ± 3.3	−18.1**
Number of beds	210.6 ± 55.4	494.5 ± 136.1	−19.7**
Types of equipment by field
Diagnostic tests	31.1 ± 7.4	45.2 ± 1.5	−12.1**
Radiological diagnostic & therapy	11.1 ± 2.3	16.1 ± 3.4	−12.7**
Physical therapy equipment	14.2 ± 3.2	20.4 ± 4.1	−12.5**
Surgery & treatment equipment	8.5 ± 2.5	12.7 ± 3.4	−10.2**
Patient volume
Number of inpatient episodes	2,441 ± 1,604	9,249 ± 7,676	−8.8**
Number of outpatient episodes (10,000 cases)	145 ± 72	433 ± 285	−9.9**
Medical costs per inpatient episode (100,000 KRW)	9.5 ± 2.6	13.5 ± 3.4	−9.7**
Case mix complexity
Case mix index	0.65 ± 0.17	0.86 ± 0.22	−8.1**
Professional care disease index	0.08 ± 0.19	0.49 ± 0.56	−7.0**
Service-distribution characteristics
Specialization status (Internal Herfindahl Index)	0.19 ± 0.05	0.14 ± 0.04	8.2**
Distribution of patients by disease type (%)
Cerebrovascular	8.0 ± 5.0	9.9 ± 5.5	−2.7*
Cardiac	3.0 ± 5.2	6.3 ± 5.5	−4.5**
General surgical (breast)	2.5 ± 3.3	2.7 ± 2.3	−0.6
Joint and spinal	17.5 ± 9.9	11.9 ± 6.8	4.9**
Colon	21.3 ± 8.4	19.2 ± 6.5	2.0*
Pediatric	21.9 ± 15.2	22.8 ± 11.5	−0.4
Obstetrics and gynecology	2.3 ± 6.3	4.9 ± 4.9	−3.4*

^*p < .05,

^**p < .001.