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. 2012 Jul 19;2(4):e001161. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001161

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© 2012, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode.

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Diary measures for self-efficacy with 2-SD horizontal band graph for baseline (phase A), intervention (phase B) and postintervention (phase A′) phases. Scores on the pain Visual Analogue Scale range from 0 to 10; higher scores indicating lower levels of self-efficacy.