Table 3. Mouse models testing altered expression of HIFα proteins in tumour growth and progression.

Tumour or cell type	HIFlα status	HIF2α status	Phenotypes	Refs
Xenograft tumours
Teratoma	Loss-of-function knockout	Wild-type	Reduced growth and angiogenesis	37,190
Teratoma	Wild-type	Loss-of-function knockout	Increased growth	25
Fibrosarcoma	Loss-of-funct ion knockout	Wild-type	Reduced growth	191
RCC	Gain offunction	Wild-type	Reduced growth	23,28
RCC	Wild-type	Gain offunction	Increased growth	28,192
Autochthonous tumours
MMlV-PyMT mammary tumours	Conditional knockout	Wild-type	Reduced metastasis	43
KRAS-driven NSCLC	Conditional knockout	Wild-type	No effect	26
KRAS-driven NSCLC	Wild-type	Conditional knockout	Increased tumour burden and progression	26
p53-driven thymic lymphoma	Heterozygous germline knockout	Wild-type	Decreased tumour incidence	156
Tumour-associated stromal cells
Tumour-associated macrophages	Conditional knockout	Wild-type	Reduced NO production. increased T cell-mediated tumour immunosurveillance and reduced autochthonous mammary tumour growth	48,49
Tumour-associated macrophages	Wild-type	Conditional knockout	Decreased macrophage infiltration into autochthonous liver and colon tumours and decreased tumour growth	50
Vascular ECs	Conditional knockout	Wild-type	Decreased xenograft tumour angiogenesis and growth	51
Vascular ECs	Wild-type	Conditional knockout	Non-productive angiogenic sprouting and impaired vessel remodelling	53

EC, endothelial cell: MMTV, mouse mammary tumour virus; NO, nitric oxide; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; PyMT, polyoma middle T antigen; RCC, renal cell carcinoma.