Appendix 14. Adverse events (2).
| Herbs | Formulation | Compositions | Adverse events (n / %) | Study ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Artichoke leaf extracts (Cynara scolymus) |
capsule | 320 mg of a standa Appendix 11 rdised broad-spectrum aqueous extract (4-6: 1) of artichoke leaf, contain- ing at least 2.5% total caf- feoylquinic acids and at least 0.1% luteolin-7- O-glucuronide |
flatulence (2 ); diarrhea (1) ; constipation (3 ); tiredness (2); dry mouth (2); bloating (1) |
Bundy 2008 |
| Xuezhikang | capsule | 0.3 g/capsule | not reported (Lu 1998; Ding 1999; Wang 2003); not observed (Deng 2006; Li 2005; Ma 2002; Wang 2006; Wang 2004); an upset stomach (Chen 2002); abdominal disten- tion (1.2%), stomachache (0.3%), rash (0.2%), increased SGPT (0.3%) and CPK (0.4%) (Feng 2006); nausea and mild abdomi- nal distention (2 cases), in- creased AST (2 cases) (Hua 2008); increased ALT (2 cases), ab- dominal distention (2 cases) (Li 2006); upset stomach and diarrhea (2 cases), muscular pain ( 3 cases), increased SGPT (4 cases) (Liu 2000); gastrointestinal symptoms in 14 cases and increased ALT in four cases (Qi 2004); nausea and anorexia (3 cases) , mild symptoms (2 cases) (Quan 2008); abdominal distention and constipation in two patients and rash in one patient (Xu 2000); slightly increased SGPT (3 cases), abdominal distention (1 case), slightly increased CPK (1case), pruritus (1 case) (Xu 2002) ; abdominal distention in two cases and stomachache in one patient (Zhang 2005) . |
Lu 1998 Ding 1999 Liu 2000 Xu 2000 Chen 2002 Ma 2002 Xu 2002 Wang 2003 Qi 2004 Wang 2004 Li 2005 Zhang 2005 Deng 2006 Feng 2006 Li 2006 Wang 2006 Hua 2008 Quan 2008 |
| Policosanol | tablet | 10 mg of aliphatic primary alcohol mixture from Cuban sugar cane wax |
gastrointesti- nal symptoms in two cases (Francini-Pesenti 2008) |
Francini-Pesenti 2008 |
| Daming | capsule | Cassia obtusifolia L: Salvia miltiorrhiza: Panax ginseng CA. 12: 12: 6: 1. |
diarrhea in three cases | Jing 2009 |
| Xiaozhiling | decoction | Aloe, Scutellaria, Cassia Oc- cidentalis, Fructus Crataegi, Folium Nelumbinis, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Spica Prunellae, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Radix Astragali |
gastrointestinal symptoms in two cases and mild diarrhea in 3 cases |
Tian 2007 |