TABLE 2.

Cox proportional hazards models for predicting overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) after PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy

Variables	OS				MFS
	Univariate model		Multivariate model		Univariate model		Multivariate model
	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Age at surgery (years) (continuous)	1.10 (1.05–1.15)	<0.001	1.09 (1.03–1.14)	0.001	1.02 (0.97–1.07)	0.493	–	–
Race
White	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Non-white	0.66 (0.35–1.23)	0.189	0.88 (0.45–1.70)	0.704	0.71 (0.31–1.61)	0.409	–	–
Preoperative PSA (ng/mL) (continuous)	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.770	–	–	0.99 (0.95–1.02)	0.450	–	–
Pathological Gleason sum
≤7	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
8–10	2.56 (1.43–4.58)	0.002	1.42 (0.73–2.77)	0.297	2.17 (1.09–4.30)	0.027	1.76 (0.85–3.67)	0.129
Pathological stage
T2	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
T3–T4	1.75 (1.02–2.98)	0.042	1.62 (0.93–2.83)	0.088	1.94 (0.49–1.78)	0.841	–	–
Surgical margin status
Negative	1 (reference)				1 (reference)
Positive	1.23 (0.75–2.02)	0.420	–	–	1.15 (0.61–2.15)	0.674	–	–
Time to PSA recurrence
>3 years	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
≤3 years	1.93 (1.14–3.27)	0.015	1.50 (0.85–2.63)	0.158	1.89 (0.99–3.60)	0.052	1.28 (0.66–2.50)	0.470
PSA doubling time
≥9.0 months	1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)		1 (reference)
3.0–8.9 months	2.18 (1.22–3.89)	0.008	1.95 (1.04–3.66)	0.039	6.69 (3.33–13.45)	<0.001	6.16 (3.00–12.64)	<0.001
<3.0 months	17.90 (6.71–47.75)	<0.001	7.77 (2.65–22.76)	<0.001	33.6 (11.1–101.8)	<0.001	27.4 (8.70–86.38)	<0.001

HR, hazard ratio. Bold indicates statistically significant P-value.