Table 1.
Associations between specific early onset mental disorders and childhood adversities with the subsequent onset of chronic physical conditions in adulthood.1
| Heart disease | asthma | diabetes | Osteo arthritis | Spinal pain (back or neck) | Chronic or severe headache | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR2 (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | |
| Early Onset Mental Disorders (< 21 years) | ||||||
| Major depressive disorder | 1.82 (1.07, 3.09) | 2.11 (1.51, 2.93) | 1.14 (0.88, 1.47) | 1.52 (1.26, 1.85) | 1.59 (1.37, 1.85) | 1.68 (1.40, 2.03) |
| Generalised anxiety disorder | 1.42 (0.78, 2.59) | 1.46 (0.89, 2.38) | 1.02 (0.57, 1.80) | 1.69 (1.32, 2.17) | 2.01 (1.64, 2.45) | 1.65 (1.32, 2.06) |
| Social phobia | 1.80 (1.30, 2.50) | 1.19 (0.85, 1.67) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.46) | 1.54 (1.34, 1.76) | 1.52 (1.34, 1.73) | 1.61 (1.35, 1.91) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 2.39 (1.51, 3.79) | 1.95 (1.07, 3.58) | 1.08 (0.67, 1.73) | 1.91 (1.50, 2.43) | 2.27 (1.76, 2.92) | 1.65 (1.19, 2.30) |
| Panic disorder /agoraphobia | 2.32, 1.49, 3.63) | 2.06 (1.34, 3.18) | 1.32 (0.80, 2.18) | 1.68 (1.38, 2.03) | 1.62 (1.32, 1.99) | 1.76 (1.37, 2.25) |
| Childhood adversities | ||||||
| Physical abuse | 1.82 (1.37, 2.43) | 1.92 (1.32, 2.81) | 1.52 (1.16, 2.00) | 1.42 (1.22, 2.09) | 1.61 (1.43, 1.82) | 1.64 (1.44, 1.88) |
| Sexual abuse | 3.91 (2.40, 6.39) | 1.26 (0.84, 1.82) | 0.99 (0.63, 1.55) | 1.64 (1.28, 2.09) | 1.62 (1.28, 2.06) | 1.73 (1.38,2.17) |
| Neglect | 1.37 (0.98, 1.91) | 1.02 (0.70, 1.49) | 1.02 (0.74, 1.42) | 1.29 (1.08.1.55) | 1.33 (1.15, 1.34) | 1.21 (1.02, 1.43) |
| Parent died | 1.34 (1.05, 1.70) | 1.34 (1.01, 1.77) | 0.91 (0.71, 1.18 | 1.02 (0.89,1.18) | 1.08 (0.95, 1.22) | 1.10 (0.93–1.31 |
| Parents divorced | 1.31 (0.95, 1.80) | 1.23 (0.84, 1.82) | 1.37 (1.01, 1.86) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | 1.16 (1.01, 1.34) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.22) |
| Other loss of parent3 | 1.41 (1.03, 1.93) | 1.36 (0.94, 1.97) | 1.58 (1.12, 2.23) | 1.26 (1.04, 1.54) | 1.26 (1.08. 1.48) | 1.29 (1.06, 1.58) |
| Parental mental disorder | 1.58, 1.18, 2.12) | 1.50 (1.05, 2.17) | 1.04 (0.74, 1.47) | 1.27 (1.07, 1.51) | 1.42 (1.24, 1.63) | 1.52 (1.25, 1.83) |
| Parental substance use disorder | 1.75 (1.18, 2.60) | 1.28 (0.83, 1.97) | 1.30 (0.92, 1.84) | 1.38 (1.14, 1.67) | 1.31 (1.12, 1.54) | 1.42 (1.18, 1.71) |
| Violence in family | 1.31 (0.95, 1.82) | 1.51 (1.05, 2.17) | 1.16 (0.87, 1.55) | 1.39 (1.16, 1.67) | 1.52 (1.32, 1.74) | 1.51 (1.30, 1.76) |
| Criminal behavior in family | 1.47 (0.87, 2.47) | 1.37 (0.82, 2.31) | 1.81 (1.26, 2.59) | 1.36 (1.07, 1.71) | 1.32 (1.08, 1.62) | 1.44 (1.10,1.88 |
| Family economic adversity | 1.41 (0.96, 2.07) | 0.90 (0.61, 1.33) | 1.44 (1.04, 1.98) | 1.08 (0.93, 1.26) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.34) | 1.21 (0.98, 1.48) |
1
All models adjust for age, sex, country, and models for heart disease and asthma additionally adjust for smoking status.
2
HR = hazard ratio.
Bolded HRs are significant at p < 0.05.
3
For example: adoption, foster care, or leaving home before the age of sixteen.