Table 2.
Antimicrobial mechanisms of phagocytes that are substantially nonredundant in host defense
| Gene encoding | Phenotype of knock-out mice
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene essential for host defense | Gene contributory to host defense | Gene detrimental to host defense | Gene dispensable for host defense | |
| Elastase (16, 75) | Klebsiella pneumonia | |||
| Escherichia coli | ||||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | ||||
| Cathepsin G (75) | Aspergillus fumigatus | |||
| Myeloperoxidase (17) | Candida albicans | Staphylococcus aureus | ||
| gp47phox (18) or gp91phox (21) | Salmonella typhimurium Aspergillus fumigatus Staphylococcus aureus | Listeria monocytogenes Mycobacterium tuberculosis | ||
| NOS2 (20, 21, 23) | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Listeria monocytogenes | Influenza A virus | Plasmodium chabaudi |
| Leishmania major | Toxoplasma gondii | Mycobacterium avium | Plasmodium yoelii | |
| Leishmania donovani | Salmonella typhimurium | Plasmodium berghei | ||
| Ectromelia virus | Staphylococcus aureus | Trypanosoma cruzi | ||
| Coxsackie B3 virus | Chlamydia pneumoniae | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | Legionella pneumophila | |||
| Entamoeba histolytica | Chlamydia trachomatis | |||
| Murine cytomegalovirus | Borrelia burgdorferi | |||
| Hepatitis B | ||||
All pathogens were experimentally inoculated. Spontaneous infections arose from wounds in gp47phox−/− mice (18) but have not been reported in gp91phox-deficient mice.