Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, treatment effect sizes and time course (N=15 for all time points)
| Means (standard deviations) | Effect sizes (Cohen's d) | Symptom time course | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Variables | T1a | T2b | T3c | T4d | T1–T2 | T2–T3 | T3–T4 | Time contrasts (F) GLM |
|
| ||||||||
| VRS | 4.80 (.94) | 4.40 (.83) | 3.87 (.92) | 3.35 (1.12) | 0.45 | 0.61 | 0.44 | 12.82*** (3, 42) |
| PDI | 23.40 (9.46) | 22.33 (8.31) | 20.82 (10.69) | 15.39 (9.50) | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.53 | 4.39** (3, 42) |
| CAPS | 83.19 (22.51) | 78.47 (22.76) | 47.33 (23.87) | 48.95 (26.70) | 0.1 | 1.43 | −0.01 | 22.01*** (1.3, 18.39) |
| QoL | 17.88 (4.08) | 18.62 (5.79) | 19.51 (5.34) | 21.47 (6.20) | −0.15 | −0.15 | −0.37 | 5.54** (3, 42) |
Note: VRS, Verbal Rating Scale (range 1–6); PDI, Pain Disability Index (range 0–40); CAPS, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (0–136); QoL, Eurohis Quality of Life (8–40).
a
T1 = pre-biofeedback (BF)
b
T2 = post-BF/pre-NET
c
T3 = post-NET
d
T4 = 3 months follow-up.
**
p<.01
***
p<.001.