Table 3.
Rates of incident post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
| Study | PTSD diagnosis | n (EG) | n (CG) | n | Time point after accident | Intervention group (%) | Control group (%) | Total (%) | Test of between-group significance | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full | 53 | 53 | 106 | 1 month (Baseline) | 23 | 43.4 | 21 | 39.6 | 44 | 41.5 | χ2=0.155; df =1; p (2-tail)=0.693 (n.s.) | |
| Berkowitz et al. (2010) | Partial | 53 | 53 | 106 | 1 month (Baseline) | 14 | 26.4 | 10 | 18.9 | 24 | 22.6 | χ2=0.862; df =1; p (2-tail)=0.353 (n.s.) |
| Full | 30 | 58 | 88 | 1 month | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 3.4 | 2 | 2.3 | Fishers’ exact: p (2-tail)=0.545 (n.s.) | |
| Kenardy et al. (2008) | Partial | 30 | 58 | 88 | 1 month | 3 | 10.0 | 8 | 13.8 | 11 | 12.5 | Fishers’ exact: p (2-tail)=0.743 (n.s.) |
| Full | 82 | 76 | 158 | 4 weeks | 19 | 23.2 | 27 | 35.5 | 46 | 29.1 | χ2=2.918; df =1; p (2-tail)=0.088 (n.s.) | |
| Stallard et al. (2006) | Partial | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Full | 49 | 50 | 99 | 2 months | 6 | 12.2 | 1 | 2.0 | 7 | 7.1 | Fishers’ exact: p (2-tail)=0.059 (n.s.) | |
| Zehnder et al. (2010) | Partial | 49 | 50 | 99 | 2 months | 2 | 4.1 | 5 | 10.0 | 7 | 7.1 | Fishers’ exact: p (2-tail)=0.436 (n.s.) |
| Full | 214 | 237 | 451 | 1–2 months | 48 | 22.4 | 51 | 21.5 | 99 | 22.0 | χ2=0.054; df =1; p (2-tail)=0.815 (n.s.) | |
| Total | Partial | 132 | 161 | 293 | 1–2 months | 19 | 14.4 | 23 | 14.3 | 42 | 14.3 | χ2=0.001; df =1; p (2-tail)=1.000 (n.s.) |
| Study | PTSD diagnosis | n (EG) | n (CG) | n | Time point after accident | Intervention group (%) | Control group (%) | Total (%) | Test of between-group significance | |||
| Full | 53 | 53 | 106 | 3 months | 7 | 13.2 | 15 | 28.3 | 22 | 20.8 | χ2=3.671; df =1; p (2-tail)=0.055 (n.s.) | |
| Berkowitz et al. (2010) | Partial | 53 | 53 | 106 | 3 months | 10 | 18.9 | 15 | 28.3 | 25 | 23.6 | χ2=1.309; df=1; p (2-tail)=0.253 (n.s.) |
| Full | 24 | 50 | 74 | 6 months | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.0 | 1 | 1.4 | Fishers' exact: p (2-tail)=1.000 (n.s.) | |
| Kenardy et al. (2008) | Partial | 24 | 50 | 74 | 6 months | 3 | 12.5 | 13 | 26.0 | 16 | 21.6 | Fishers’ exact: p (2-tail)=0.238 (n.s.) |
| Full | 70 | 62 | 132 | 8 months | 10 | 14.3 | 7 | 11.3 | 17 | 12.9 | χ2=0.263; df =1; p (2-tail)=0.608 (n.s.) | |
| Stallard et al. (2006) | Partial | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Full | 49 | 50 | 99 | 6 months | 4 | 8.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 4.0 | Fishers’ exact: p (2-tail)=0.056 (n.s.) | |
| Zehnder et al. (2010) | Partial | 49 | 50 | 99 | 6 months | 4 | 8.2 | 5 | 10.0 | 9 | 9.1 | Fishers’ exact: p (2-tail)=1.000 (n.s.) |
| Full | 196 | 215 | 411 | 3– months | 21 | 10.7 | 23 | 10.7 | 44 | 10.7 | χ2=0.000; df =1; p (2-tail)=1.000 (n.s.) | |
| Total | Partial | 126 | 153 | 279 | 3–7 months | 17 | 13.5 | 33 | 21.6 | 50 | 17.9 | χ2=3.064; df =1; p (2-tail)=0.080 (n.s.) |