. 2012 May;102(5):859–866. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300548

TABLE 1—

Distribution of Variables by Race/Ethnicity: National Survey of Children's Health, 2007

Variables	White, Proportion or Mean (SD)	Black, Proportion or Mean (SD)	Hispanic, Proportion or Mean (SD)
Dental health
Any dental problem (toothache, decay or cavities, broken teeth, bleeding gums)	24.35	33.98**	40.15**
Self-rated dental health (fair or poor)	4.85	10.62**	22.20**
Preventive dental visits (≥ 2 visits in the last y)	61.15	51.28**	46.81**
Mother's age, y
≤ 25	2.28	5.06**	6.10**
26–35	24.69	40.75**	40.85**
36–45	51.26	36.88**	39.59**
≥ 46	21.77	17.31**	13.46**
Mother's marital status (married)	82.04	40.68**	65.60**
Children born in the United States	98.71	96.06**	86.34**
Mother's general health (fair or poor)	7.74	18.79**	21.33**
Socioeconomic variables
Poverty level (income)^a	6.06 (2.26)	3.99 (2.66)**	3.60 (2.65)**
Employment^b	93.03	82.82**	77.49*
Mother's education
< high school	5.12	11.32**	36.16**
≥ high school	71.94	55.95**	35.29**
Child insurance status
Public health insurance	16.32	50.81**	44.49**
Private health insurance	77.55	40.32**	35.47**
Uninsured	6.13	8.87**	20.04**
Household demographics
Number of children in the household	2.27 (0.91)	2.29 (1.00)	2.49 (0.91)**
Number of adults in the household	2.07 (0.50)	1.85 (0.70)**	2.15 (0.60)**
Neighborhood amenities and condition
Library or bookmobile	88.85	85.07**	83.06**
Litter or garbage on the street or sidewalk	13.53	26.86**	17.26*
Poorly kept or rundown housing	13.41	20.07**	14.26
Neighborhood perceived safety
Vandalism such as broken windows or graffiti	7.38	13.55**	16.18**
Feeling safe in the neighborhood	93.47	72.43**	77.49**
Neighborhood social capital
People helping each other out	93.80	79.35**	81.08**
Watching out for each other's children	92.97	82.68**	84.43**
Counting on people	93.88	79.12**	83.70**
Adults help if child gets hurt or scared	93.88	87.01**	86.80**

^{^a}

Poverty level: (1) < 100% of federal poverty level, (2) 100%–133%, (3) 133%–150%, (4) 150%–185%, (5) 185%–200%, (6) 200%–300%, (7) 300%–400%, (8) > 400%.

^{^b}

Anyone in the household employed ≥ 50 of the past 52 weeks.

*P < .05; **P < .01 vs White children.