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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Evol Dev. 2012 Jul;14(4):317–325. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2012.00550.x

Figure 1. Pigmentation in the virilis group of Drosophila.

Figure 1

(A) The light body color of D. novamexicana is recently evolved and dramatically different from pigmentation in the other members of the virilis group. Estimated divergence times (MYA = millions of years ago), from Caletka and McAlllister (2004), are shown on the scale at the bottom. (B) A simplified depiction of the melanin and sclerotin biosynthesis pathway. Gene(s) controlling each enzymatic step are shown in italics. P.O., phenol oxidase-encoding genes. Arrows indicate chemical reactions, and branches with two consecutive dashed arrows indicate multiple enzymatic steps that are not completely known.