Table 4. Changes in metabolic parameters in plasma of lean subjects (n = 18), obese subjects (n = 18) and obese diabetic subjects (n = 6) at 2 h and 4 h after high fat shake consumption.
SFA shake | MUFA shake | n-3 PUFA shake | Main effects | Interaction effects | ||||||||||||
0 h | Δ 2 h | Δ 4 h | 0 h | Δ 2 h | Δ 4 h | 0 h | Δ 2 h | Δ 4 h | group | time | shake | Group*time | Group*shake | Shake*time | ||
TAG(mmol/L) | Lean | 1.53±0.49 | 0.64±0.40 | 0.48±0.48 | 1.37±0.41 | 0.91±0.47 | 1.41±1.00 | 1.50±0.50 | 0.33±0.30 | 0.78±0.58 | 0.889 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.048 | <0.001 |
Obese | 2.07±0.99 | 0.58±0.40 | 0.78±0.61 | 2.13±1.06 | 1.14±0.68 | 2.28±1.18 | 1.98±0.78 | 0.30±0.26 | 0.77±0.45 | |||||||
Obesediabetic | 2.17±1.16 | 0.30±0.14 | 0.80±1.21 | 1.92±0.93 | 1.08±0.49 | 2.47±1.21 | 2.05±1.21 | 0.38±0.13 | 1.05±0.49 | |||||||
FFA(mmol/L) | Lean | 0.51±0.21 | −0.21±0.19 | −0.04±0.22 | 0.49±0.20 | −0.10±0.18 | 0.03±0.23 | 0.55±0.23 | −0.25±0.21 | −0.03±0.17 | 0.004 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.016 | 0.390 | 0.002 |
Obese | 0.48±0.10 | −0.18±0.12 | 0.11±0.11 | 0.50±0.15 | −0.09±0.16 | 0.08±0.16 | 0.54±0.15 | −0.21±0.11 | 0.06±0.16 | |||||||
Obesediabetic | 0.53±0.13 | −0.20±0.12 | 0.07±0.20 | 0.58±0.13 | −0.08±0.18 | 0.12±0.28 | 0.62±0.05 | −0.12±0.25 | 0.09±0.21 | |||||||
Insulin(mmol/L) | Lean | 6.52±2.55 | 3.08±3.77 | −1.82±2.08 | 5.80±3.38 | 2.73±3.88 | 1.00±3.98 | 6.02±2.55 | −0.02±3.77 | −1.64±2.56 | 0.017 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.028 | 0.808 | <0.001 |
Obese | 13.52±7.40 | 6.59±9.60 | −1.67±3.33 | 12.81±5.24 | 4.39±6.62 | 1.79±6.07 | 13.91±7.25 | 2.33±5.87 | −2.04±3.09 | |||||||
Obesediabetic | 12.66±7.50 | 8.85±4.64 | 0.03±1.40 | 13.57±8.78 | 7.43±3.71 | 2.66±5.30 | 13.79±8.49 | 1.27±4.26 | −0.75±4.20 | |||||||
Glucose(mmol/L) | Lean | 5.19±0.39 | −0.30±0.35 | −0.40±0.21 | 5.17±0.35 | −0.29±0.31 | −0.08±0.28 | 5.29±0.53 | −0.42±0.39 | −0.33±0.25 | 0.872 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.660 | <0.001 |
Obese | 5.50±0.41 | −0.16±0.48 | −0.43±0.39 | 5.53±0.43 | −0.18±0.32 | −0.31±0.28 | 5.54±0.28 | −0.43±0.38 | −0.52±0.33 | |||||||
Obesediabetic | 7.22±0.94 | 0.47±0.67 | −1.52±0.48 | 7.17±1.04 | −0.03±1.14 | −0.68±0.85 | 7.23±1.25 | −0.48±1.43 | −1.00±0.68 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD. Saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Free fatty acids (FFA), Triglycerides (TAG).