. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Jun 18;158A(8):2071–2090. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35438

Table V.

Epidemiological studies concerning Lamotrigine monotherapy during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects

Authors	Study methodology	n	Rate of MCM	OR/RR (95% CI)
Morrow 2006	Prospective	647	3.2%	OR 1.44 (0.77 - 2.67) RR 0.92 (0.41-2.05)
Vajda 2006	Prospective and retrospective	61	0	NA
Vajda 2007	Prospective	146	1.4%	OR 0.37 (0.06-2.26)
Meador 2008	Systematic review and meta- analysis	1337	2.9%	NA
Holmes 2008a	Prospective	684	2.80%	RR 1.4 (0.9 –2.3)
Hunt 2009	Prospective	1,151	2.4%	NA
Mawer 2010	Controlled, observational	40	5.4%	OR 2.66 (0.52-13.68)
Vajda 2012	Retrospective	231	5.2%	NA

RR–relative risk, OR–odds ratio, CI–confidence interval, NA–data not available Updated from [Hill et al., 2010. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Expert Rev Neurother 10(6):943-59.]