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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet A. 2012 Jun 18;158A(8):2071–2090. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35438

Table VII.

Epidemiological studies concerning Topiramate monotherapy during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects

Authors Study Methodology n Rate of MCM OR/RR (95% CI)
Morrow 2006 Prospective 28 2.0% OR 7.1 (2.0 - 22.6)
Vajda 2007 Prospective 15 0% NA
Ornoy 2008 Prospective 29 3.5% NA
Hunt 2008 Prospective 70 4.8% NA
Holmes 2008 Prospective 197 4.1% NA
Hernandez-Diaz 2010 Prospective 289 3.8% 2.8 (1.0-8.1)
Vajda 2012 Retrospective 31 3.2% NA

RR- Relative Risk, OR- Odds Ratio, CI-Confidence Interval, NA- data not available Updated from [Hill et al., 2010. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Expert Rev Neurother 10(6):943-59.]