Table 1.
Study population characteristics.
| Variable | Lung cancer cases | SCC UADT cancer cases | Controls | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=611 | N=527 | N=1,040 | ||||
| Ethnicity | % | % | % | |||
| White | 359 | (58.8) | 289 | (54.8) | 634 | (61.0) |
| Hispanic | 53 | (8.7) | 62 | (11.8) | 150 | (14.4) |
| Black | 96 | (15.7) | 68 | (12.9) | 102 | (9.8) |
| Asian | 70 | (11.5) | 59 | (11.2) | 62 | (6.0) |
| Other | 32 | (5.2) | 47 | (8.9) | 91 | (8.8) |
| missing | 1 | (0.16) | 2 | (0.4) | 1 | (0.1) |
| P-value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 303 | (49.6) | 391 | (74.2) | 623 | (59.9) |
| Female | 308 | (50.4) | 136 | (25.8) | 417 | (40.1) |
| missing | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
| P-value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Age, mean±SD | 52.2 ± 5.4 | 50.3 ± 7.6 | 49.9 ± 7.3 | |||
| missing | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
| P-value** | <0.001 | 0.32 | ||||
| Age, mean±SD (excluding extreme values)¥ |
50.1 ± 6.8 | |||||
| missing | 11 | (1.1) | ||||
| BMI 1yr before interview, mean ±SD, kg/m2 |
26.3 ± 5.7 | 26.7 ± 5.8 | 27.5 ± 5.7 | |||
| missing | 2 | (0.3) | 2 | (0.4) | 2 | (0.2) |
| P-value** | <0.001 | 0.008 | ||||
| BMI at age 21, mean ±SD, kg/m2 |
22.1 ± 3.4 | 22.9 ± 3.7 | 22.6 ± 3.7 | |||
| missing | 13 | (2.1) | 14 | (2.6) | 8 | (0.8) |
| P-value** | 0.005 | 0.13 | ||||
| Years between BMI time points, median (range) |
32 (10-37) | 30 (1-37) | 30 (7-40) | |||
| P-value** | <0.001 | 0.724 | ||||
| Histology or subsite | ||||||
| Large Cell | 115 | (18.8) | ||||
| Small Cell | 75 | (12.3) | ||||
| Squamous Cell | 95 | (15.6) | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 297 | (48.6) | ||||
| Missing | 29 | (4.7) | ||||
| Oral and Pharyngeal | 403 | (76.5) | ||||
| Laryngeal | 90 | (17.0) | ||||
| Esophageal | 34 | (6.5) | ||||
| Education Level | ||||||
| 0-12 | 265 | (43.4) | 240 | (45.5) | 300 | (28.9) |
| 12-16 | 275 | (45.0) | 230 | (43.6) | 481 | (46.3) |
| >16 | 71 | (11.6) | 57 | (10.8) | 258 | (24.8) |
| missing | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0.1) |
| P-value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Tobacco Smoking Status | ||||||
| Never | 110 | (18.0) | 164 | (31.1) | 492 | (47.3) |
| Former | 360 | (58.9) | 272 | (51.6) | 362 | (34.8) |
| Current | 141 | (23.1) | 91 | (17.3) | 186 | (17.9) |
| missing | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
| P-value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Alcohol Drinking Status | ||||||
| Never | 170 | (27.8) | 104 | (19.7) | 264 | (25.4) |
| Former | 250 | (40.9) | 272 | (51.6) | 199 | (19.1) |
| Current | 190 | (31.1) | 149 | (28.3) | 573 | (55.1) |
| missing | 1 | (0.16) | 2 | (0.4) | 4 | (0.4) |
| P-value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Calories | 1526.2 ± 700.0 | 1797.1 ± 1040.9 | 1478.7 ± 628.4 | |||
| Missing | 44 | (7.2) | 123 | (23.3) | 191 | (18.3) |
| Calories (number of extreme values excluded)‡ |
1529±667.1 (9) |
1750.5±864.5 (14) |
1483.8±602 (12) |
|||
| P-value** | 0.190 | <0.001 | ||||
| Fruit and Vegetable Intake† | ||||||
| Quartile 1 | 209 | (34.2) | 170 | (32.3) | 260 | (25.0) |
| Quartile 2 | 145 | (23.7) | 119 | (22.6) | 259 | (24.9) |
| Quartile 3 | 133 | (21.8) | 114 | (21.6) | 257 | (24.7) |
| Quartile 4 | 115 | (18.8) | 117 | (22.2) | 258 | (24.8) |
| Missing | 9 | (1.5) | 7 | (1.3) | 6 | (0.6) |
| P-value* | <0.001 | 0.030 | ||||
¥
Controls >3 years younger than the youngest case or >3 years older than the oldest case were considered extreme.
‡
Self-reported daily calorie intakes <500 and >4500 were considered extreme.
†
Quartile 1 <2.33 servings, Quartile 2 from 2.33-3.67, Quartile 3 from 3.67-5.50, Quartile 4 >5.50
*
P-value calculated between cases and controls using a chi-square test.
**
P-value calculated between mean values of cases and controls using a t-test.
BMI: Body Mass Index, SCC: Squamous Cell Carcinoma