Fig. 3.

Phenotypes of Col-0 (WT), as1-1, and as2-1 mutants of A. thaliana in the presence of the isoquinoline alkaloids coptisine and palmatine. A Chemical structure of coptisine (a) and gross morphology of WT, as1-1, and as2-1 plants grown on MS medium without and with coptisine for 21 days (b). B Chemical structure of palmatine (a) and gross morphology of WT, as1-1, and as2-1 plants grown on MS medium without and with palmatine for 18 days (b). C Leaf phenotypes of plants grown without (a, b, c) and with 30 μM coptisine (d, e, f) and 100 μM palmatine (g, h, i) for 18 days. (a, d, g) WT plants, (b, e, h) as1-1 plants, (c, f, i) as2-1 plants. Red arrowheads in panels (e, f) show filamentous leaves. Scale bars = 1 mm