. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Autism Dev Disord. 2012 Aug;42(8):1616–1629. doi: 10.1007/s10803-011-1401-z

Table 1.

Participant characteristics

	ASD N=22	TLA N=15	TCA N=14
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)
Chronological in months age	35.0 (4.3)^a	12.9 (3.8)^b	33.0 (6.1)^a
PLS-4 ^a Total Standard Score	54.3 (7.5)^a	105.1 (12.8)^b	119.6 (10.7)^c
PLS-4 Expressive Communication Age	13.6 (6.2)^a	14.5 (4.2)^a	43.1 (9.2)^b
PLS-4 Auditory Comprehension Age	11.2 (7.7)^a	14.7 (4.8)^a	42.4 (10.7)^b
MSEL Early Learning Composite	51.1 (3.8)^a	106.0 (19.8)^b	116.4 (12.4)^b
VABS Adaptive Behavior Composite	57.8 (7.0)^a	106.5 (11.4)^b	105.9 (15.0)^b

Note: ASD = autism spectrum disorder; TLA = typically developing, language age-matched; TCA = typically developing, chronological age-matched. PLS-4 = Preschool Language Scale-4^th Edition; MSEL = Mullen Scales of Early Learning; VABS = Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. In each row, groups with different superscripts differ significantly from one another, p <.05; e.g., for chronological age, (ASD = TCA) > TLA.