Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Sep 6.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2012 Jun 1;219:92–110. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.059

Figure 4. Individual somatic or dendritic synaptic inputs can lead to long-lasting perturbations of the spiking pattern.

Figure 4

A. Voltage trajectories for a control simulation with a low-gain synaptic background (thick black line) and for 72 simulations each containing a single 2.5 nS synaptic input to the soma within the first spike cycle (color traces, color reflects the phase of the input as indicated by the color bar below the stimulated ISI). B. Voltage trajectories for single dendritic stimuli delivered during a low-gain synaptic background. (Note the blue traces showing delays of spiking.) C&D. Voltage trajectories for somatic (C) and dendritic stimuli (D) delivered during a high-gain synaptic background. E. Perturbations leading to an added spike. Spikes are numbered above each peak (in black for control spikes and red for spikes in simulations containing a stimulus). The open red arrowhead indicates a deviation of perturbed spiking trajectories from the control spiking pattern that initiates a sequence of events (dashed box) leading to the added spike (solid red arrowhead). F. Perturbations leading to a skipped spike. The open blue arrowhead indicates a deviation of perturbed spiking trajectories from the control spiking pattern leading to the skipped spike (solid blue arrowhead). G. Perturbations leading to an added spike and subsequently, a skipped spike. These added and skipped spike events occur several spike cycles after stimulation and after the perturbed spiking patterns seemed to have converged back to the control spiking pattern. The red arrowhead indicates the initiation of a sequence of events that resulted in an added spike (first boxed region), and the blue arrowhead indicates a skipped spike that resulted after perturbed trajectories diverged again from the control spike pattern (second boxed region). H. Gradual divergence of perturbed trajectories over successive spike cycles (black arrows). The open red arrowheads indicate where perturbed trajectories spiked on a different set of fluctuations in the synaptic background than did the control simulation.