. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jun 23;20(1):118–125. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.179

Table 3.

Longitudinal associations between key diet factors, BMI and percent body fat among adolescents over time.

		Model 1^a			Model 2 ^b
Males		Coefficient	SE	p-value	Coefficient	SE	p-value
BMI	Sugar sweetened beverages (servings/day)	0.25	0.10	0.012	0.27	0.10	0.008
	Dietsoda (servings/day)	−0.11	0.24	0.660	−0.09	0.24	0.722
	Fast food (purchases/week)	0.02	0.09	0.868	0.02	0.09	0.838
	Breakfast (days/week)	−0.21	0.48	0.653	−0.19	0.48	0.687
PBF	Sugar sweetened beverages (servings/day)	0.51	0.22	0.018	0.73	0.21	0.001
	Diet soda (servings/day)	−0.22	0.78	0.776	0.09	0.79	0.906
	Fast food (purchases/ week)	0.13	0.21	0.539	0.17	0.22	0.428
	Breakfast (days/week)	−1.80	1.23	0.143	−1.47	1.27	0.247

Females		Coefficient	SE	p-value	Coefficient	SE	p-value
BMI	Sugar sweetened beverages (servings/day)	−0.09	0.16	0.585	−0.05	0.17	0.746
	Diet soda (servings/day)	0.10	0.23	0.683	0.10	0.23	0.674
	Fast food (purchases/ week)	0.13	0.09	0.126	0.17	0.09	0.068
	Breakfast (days/week)	−0.31	0.45	0.491	−0.26	0.46	0.573
PBF	Sugar sweetened beverages (servings/day)	−0.06	0.33	0.861	0.04	0.35	0.908
	Diet soda (servings/day)	0.54	0.35	0.122	0.55	0.36	0.125
	Fast food (purchases/ week)	0.22	0.14	0.102	0.33	0.14	0.025
	Breakfast (days/week)	−0.38	0.86	0.660	−0.18	0.86	0.833

Model 1 was adjusted for physical activity, puberty, race, parental education, eligibility for free/reduced price lunch, age, and study.

Model 2 adjusted for all of the covariates included in Model 1, as well as total energy intake (kcal/day).