Table 1.
Details of study populations
| Study name | Study Type (Cohort name) | Study period | Age (Mean) of participants | Sex (Male (%)) | Primary outcome(Disease) | Location | Study size(N) | Race/ethnicity (%) | Average follow up(years) | Total Events | Method for eGFR (< 60 ml/min/1.73m2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atta, 2006 [8] | Cohort | 1995-2004 | 42.8 | 58 | HIVAN | MD, USA | 263 | 96(B) | 8.0 | 36 | MDRD | ||
| Buskin, 2009 [9] | Cohort | 1996-2003 | 36.5 | HIVAN | USA | 59705 | 6.2(W) | 3.5 | 5042 | MDRD | |||
| 11.5(B) | |||||||||||||
| 7.3(H/L) | |||||||||||||
| 6.5(A/PI) | |||||||||||||
| 9.7(NA/AN) | |||||||||||||
| 4.7(O) | |||||||||||||
| Campbell, 2009 [10] | cross-sectional | 1998-2005 | -- | CKD | BT, UK | 3439 | NR | -- | 81 | MDRD | |||
| Crane, 2007 [4] | Cohort(UWHIV) | 2001-2006 | 41 | 83 | Kidney dysfunction | WA, USA | 445 | 61(W) | -- | 51 | CG | ||
| 23(AA) | |||||||||||||
| 16(O) | |||||||||||||
| Crum-Cianflone, 2010 [11] | cross-sectional | 2004-2005 | 41 | 92 | Kidney dysfunction | CA, MD, USA | 717 | 48.7 (C) | -- | 22 | MDRD | ||
| 37.9(AA) | |||||||||||||
| 13.4 (O) | |||||||||||||
| Deti, 2010 [7] | Cohort(ANRS CO3) | 2004-2008 | 43 | 75 | CRF | France | 2613 | NR | 3.4 | MDRD | |||
| Franceschini, 2006 [12] | Cohort | 2000-2002 | 40 | 69 | ARF | NC, USA | 705 | 66(AA) | 3.0 | serum creatinine | |||
| Franey, 2009 [13] | Cohort | 2004-2007 | 36 | 31.2 | RI | South Africa | 2189 | NR | -- | 287 | MDRD | ||
| Ganesan, 2010 [14] | Cohort (P) | 1986-2008 | 29 | 92 | CKD | USA | 4044 | 45(AA) | 6.5 | 90 | MDRD | ||
| 44(EA) | |||||||||||||
| Heffelfinger, 2006 [15] | Cohort | 2000-2003 | -- | -- | RI | USA | 11362 | NR | 724 | serum creatinine | |||
| Horberg, 2010 [3] | Cohort(KP) | 2002-2005 | 43 | 86.1 | Tubular dysfunction | CA, ML, VA, USA | 1647 | 24.5(B) | 2.0 | MDRD | |||
| Ibrahim, 2010 [2] | Cohort(KCH) | 1999-2008 | 37 | 62 | ARF | SL, UK | 2556 | 55.4(B) | -- | 184 | MDRD | ||
| 44.6(W/O) | |||||||||||||
| Jacobson, 2007 [16] | Cohort(MACS) | Proteinuria | USA | 1203 | (B) | 120 | |||||||
| Jones, 2004 [17] | Cohort(CWS) | Renal dysfunction | UK | 4183 | NR | 1175 | serum creatinine > 120 | ||||||
| Krawczyk, 2004 [18] | Cohort(HOPS) | 1992-2002 | 43 | 82.5 | CRF | GA, USA | 6361 | 43.8(W/NH) | 108 | -- | |||
| 5.0(H) | |||||||||||||
| 48.8(B) | |||||||||||||
| 2.5(O) | |||||||||||||
| Longenecker, 2009 [19] | Cohort(P) | 2004-2007 | 41 | 68 | CKD | CA, USA | 554 | 42(AA) | 5.0 | CKD-EPI | |||
| 48(W) | |||||||||||||
| 10(O) | |||||||||||||
| Lucas, 2007 [20] | Cohort(ALIVE/JHHC) | 1988-2005 | 37 | 68 | ESRD/RRT | MD, USA | 6255 | (AA) | 5.7 | 221 | MDRD | ||
| Mocroft, 2010 [21] | Cohort(EuroSIDA) | 2004-2008 | 43 | 75.1 | CKD | Europe, Israel, Argentina | 85.5(W) | 3.7 | 225 | CG | |||
| Reisler, 2005 [22] | Cohort(MACS) | 2003-2004 | -- | -- | CKD | USA | 1470 | NR | 53 | MDRD | |||
| Roe, 2008 [23] | Cohort (R) | 1998-2005 | 35.9 | 64 | ARF | SEL, UK | 2274 | 64(B) | 8.0 | 130 | MDRD | ||
| 36(NB) | |||||||||||||
| Szczech, 2002 [24] | Cohort(WIHS) | 40 | -- | 2059 | 71.4(B) | 671.0 | double serum creatinine | ||||||
| 16.7(W) | |||||||||||||
| 11.9(H) | |||||||||||||
| 0(O) | |||||||||||||
| Vanig, 2008 [25] | Cohort (R) | 2006-2007 | -- | 94 | CKD | USA | 375 | NR | MDRD | ||||
| Wei, 2003 [26] | Cohort(P) | 37.6 | 93.2 | HIVAN | NY, USA | 44 | (AA) | 44 | |||||
| Study group1 | Study group2 | ||||||||||||
| Study description | Sample size (n1) | Event1 | Incidence(per 1000py) | Study description | Sample size (n2) | Event2 | Incidence(per 1000py) | HR/RR/OR | 95% CI | ||||
| Study name | |||||||||||||
| Atta, 2006 [8] | ART | -- | 26 | -- | Treatment naïve | -- | 10 | -- | 0.3 | 0.09, 0.98 | |||
| Buskin, 2009 [9] | Indinavir | Treatment naïve | 1.15 | 1.02, 1.29 | |||||||||
| Ritonavir | Treatment naïve | 0.87 | 0.77, 0.98 | ||||||||||
| HAART | Treatment naïve | 0.3 | 0.27, 0.34 | ||||||||||
| Campbell, 2009 [10] | Age > = 50 years(Indinavir) | -- | -- | Age < 50 years | -- | -- | 4.92 | 1.31, 18.4 | |||||
| Indinavir/per year | 1.29 | 1.00, 1.65 | |||||||||||
| Age > = 50 years(Tenofovir) | Age < 50 years | 5.42 | 1.71, 16.8 | ||||||||||
| Crane, 2007 [4] | Age (30-40) years | Age < 30 years | 0.9 | 0.2, 3.2 | |||||||||
| Age (40-50) years | Age < 30 years | 2.1 | 0.6, 7.6 | ||||||||||
| Age > 50 years | Age < 30 years | 4.4 | 1.1, 17.2 | ||||||||||
| (NRTI)Didanosine | (NRTI)lamivudine/emtricitabine | 3.1 | 1.40, 6.80 | ||||||||||
| PI(Amprenavir/fos-amprenavir) | NNRTI (efavirenz) | 3.6 | 1.00, 12.5 | ||||||||||
| Crum-Cianflone, 2010 [11] | Age/10 year increase | 1.99 | 1.22, 3.24 | ||||||||||
| Tenofovir/per year | 1.54 | 1.10, 2.15 | |||||||||||
| Deti, 2010 [7] | Age/10 year increase | 2.2 | 1.8, 2.6 | ||||||||||
| CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 | CD4 > 500 cells/mm3 | 4.04 | 2.3, 7.1 | ||||||||||
| Tenofovir/per year | 1.4 | 1.1, 1.8 | |||||||||||
| Franceschini, 2006 [12] | CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 | CD4 > = 200 cells/mm3 | 4.7 | 2.5, 8.8 | |||||||||
| Franey, 2009 [13] | CD4 < 100 cells/mm3 | CD4 > 100 cells/mm3 | 1.4 | 1.07, 1.82 | |||||||||
| Age > 40 years | Age < 40 years | 4.65 | 3.54, 6.10 | ||||||||||
| Ganesan, 2010 [14] | Age > = 35 years | Age < 35 years | 2.6 | 1.7, 4.0 | |||||||||
| CD4 < = 200 cells/mm3 | CD4 > = 500 cells/mm3 | 6.8 | 3.0, 15.5 | ||||||||||
| CD4(201-349) cells/mm3 | CD4 > = 500 cells/mm4 | 4.3 | 2.3, 8.1 | ||||||||||
| CD4(350-499) cells/mm3 | CD4 > = 500 cells/mm5 | 2.4 | 1.3, 4.6 | ||||||||||
| Heffelfinger, 2006 [15] | Tenofovir | Treatment naïve | 1.5 | 1.1, 1.9 | |||||||||
| Horberg, 2010 [3] | Tenofovir | 964 | Non-Tenofovir | 683 | 5.23 | 2.08, 13.1 | |||||||
| Ibrahim, 2010 [2] | Age/10 year increase | 1.04 | 0.87, 1.24 | ||||||||||
| Indinavir | Treatment naïve | 1.81 | 0.53, 6.76 | ||||||||||
| Tenofovir | Treatment naïve | 1.06 | 0.46, 2.43 | ||||||||||
| Atazanavir | Treatment naïve | 1.05 | 0.20, 5.49 | ||||||||||
| CART | Treatment naïve | 1.11 | 0.54, 2.30 | ||||||||||
| CD4(201-350) cells/mm3 | CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 | 1.56 | 0.97, 2.48 | ||||||||||
| CD4(101-200) cells/mm3 | CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 | 2.08 | 1.11, 3.91 | ||||||||||
| CD4(51-100) cells/mm3 | CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 | 6.38 | 3.18, 12.78 | ||||||||||
| CD4(0-50) cells/mm3 | CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 | 10.29 | 5.11, 20.98 | ||||||||||
| Jacobson, 2007 [16] | HIV | 94 | Non-HIV | 26 | 5.1 | 2.9, 8.9 | |||||||
| Jones, 2004 [17] | Tenofovir | 1058 | 84 | Treatment naïve | 0.22 | 0.07, 0.69 | |||||||
| Krawczyk, 2004 [18] | CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 | 200-349 cells/mm3 | 4.3 | 2.1, 8.7 | |||||||||
| HAART | Treatment naïve | 0.5 | 0.3, 1.0 | ||||||||||
| Longenecker, 2009 [19] | HIV | 337 | 26 | Non-HIV | 230 | 2 | 6.5 | 1.5, 28.7 | |||||
| Age/10 year increase | 1.34 | 1.02, 1.77 | |||||||||||
| Lucas, 2007 [20] | AIDS | 1902 | 125 | 12.7 | No AIDS | 2607 | 51 | 4.7 | 2.7 | 1.9, 4.0 | |||
| Age(30-49.9) | Age < 30 years | 1.5 | 0.7, 3.3 | ||||||||||
| Age > = 50 years | Age < 30 years | 2 | 0.8, 4.7 | ||||||||||
| AIDS | 1902 | Non-HIV | 1751 | 5.1 | 3.5, 7.6 | ||||||||
| HIV | 2607 | Non-HIV | 1751 | 2.3 | 1.5, 3.5 | ||||||||
| Mocroft, 2010 [21] | AIDS | No AIDS | 2.22 | 1.14, 4.32 | |||||||||
| Age/10 year increase | 1.54 | 1.31, 1.80 | |||||||||||
| Tenofovir/per year | 1.16 | 1.06, 1.25 | |||||||||||
| Indinavir/per year | 1.12 | 1.06, 1.18 | |||||||||||
| Atazanavir/per year | 1.21 | 1.09, 1.34 | |||||||||||
| Lopinavir/r per year | 1.08 | 1.01, 1.16 | |||||||||||
| Reisler, 2005 [22] | HIV | 32 | Non-HIV | 21 | 2.5 | 1.4, 4.5 | |||||||
| Tenofovir | Non-Tenofovir | 2 | 0.8, 4.9 | ||||||||||
| Roe, 2008 [23] | CD4 < 100 cells/mm3 | CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 | 6.75 | 2.5, 18.3 | |||||||||
| CD4(100-199) cells/mm3 | CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 | 3.02 | 0.99, 9.13 | ||||||||||
| AIDS | No AIDS | 6.7 | 3.4, 13.3 | ||||||||||
| Szczech, 2002 [24] | CD4 < = 200 cells/mm3 | CD4 > 200 cells/mm3 | 3.57 | 1.72, 7.14 | |||||||||
| Vanig, 2008 [25] | Tenofovir | 253 | Non-Tenofovir | 122 | 1.83 | 1.11, 3.02 | |||||||
| PI | Non-PI | 1.27 | 0.84, 1.91 | ||||||||||
| Wei, 2003 [26] | ART | Treatment naïve | 1.51 | 0.37, 6.20 | |||||||||
| CD4 < = 100 s cell/mm3 | CD4 > = 100 cells/mm3 | 2.73 | 0.82, 9.14 | ||||||||||
A, Asian; AA, African-American; B, Black; EA, European American; H, Hispanic; NH, Non-Hispanic; L, Latino; NB, Non-b lack; PI, Pacific Islander; NA, Native American; AN, Alaska Native; W, White; O, Others; MD, Maryland; NC, North Carolina; WA, Washington; GA, Georgia; SL South London; SEL, Southeast London; BT, Brighton; NR, Not Reported; NA, Not Applicable; Sr, Serum; R, Retrospective; P, Prospective; WIHS, Women's Interagency HIV Study; UWHIV, University of Washington HIV; ALIVE, AIDS Link to the Intravenous Experience; JHHC, Johns Hopkins HIV Cohort; KP, Kaiser Permanente; MACS, Multicentre AIDS Cohort Study; CWS, Chelsea and Westminster; HOPS, HIV Outpatient Study; KCH, Kings College Hospital; ANRS CO3, National agency for AIDS research Aquitaine Cohort; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-an equation to estimate GFR that incorporates serum creatinine, age, sex and race; CG, Cockcroft-Gault equation to estimate GFR that incorporates serum creatinine, age, sex and weight; CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration-an equation that take into account serum creatinine, age, sex and race.