Table 1.
Summary of main characteristics of the studies included in this review.
| Reference | Groups | mDTC (%) | Dual-tasks | Outcome | Significance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young | Older | Walking task | Secondary task | ||||
| Lajoie et al. 1996 [29] | young: n = 8 (26.0 ± 4.2 y) old: n = 8 (71.0 ± 4.2 y) |
0.99 | 2.63 | normal pace walking | manual task: reaction time | velocity (m/s) | n.s. |
| Lindenberger et al. 2000 [39] |
young: n = 47 (24.0 ± 3.2 y) middle: n = 45 (45.0 ± 3.3 y) old: n = 48 (65.0 ± 3.1 y) |
14.0 | 26.5 | normal pace walking (straight and curved narrow path) | visuospatial decision task | velocity (m/s) | ∗∗ |
| Sparrow et al. 2006 [59] |
young: n = 10
(26.3 y)
old: n = 10 (71.1 y) |
1.51 | 3.94 | normal pace walking on a treadmill | manual task: reaction time | velocity (m/s) | n.s. |
| Li et al. 2001 [42] |
young: n = 37 (25.1 ± 2.7 y) old: n = 40 (65.6 ± 3.9 y) |
26.0 | 44.0 | normal pace walking (wide path) | visuospatial decision task | velocity (m/s) | ∗∗∗ |
| Springer et al. 2006 [44] |
young: n = 19 (29.4 ± 4.4 y) fallers: n = 17 (76.1 ± 4.8 y) non-fallers: n = 24 (71.0 ± 5.9 y) |
9.25 | 13.61 | normal pace walking | arithmetic task: counting backwards by 7 | velocity (m/s) | n.s. |
| Bock 2008 [57] |
young: n = 18 (24.3 ± 3.5 y) old: n = 15 (67.2 ± 3.6 y) |
26.0 | 34.0 | normal pace walking (narrow path) | manual task: checking | velocity (m/s) | ∗∗∗ |
| Loevdén et al. 2008 [60] |
young: n = 32 (25.0 ± 2.9 y) old: n = 32 (73.6 ± 2.9 y) |
9.93 | 9.64 | slow and normal pace walking (wide path) | arithmetic task: counting backwards by 1–4 | velocity SD (m/s) | n.s. |
| Bock and Beurskens 2011 [63] |
young: n = 15 (25.4 ± 2.9 y) old: n = 15 (69.2 ± 4.7 y) |
6.01 | 12.46 | normal pace walking (narrow path) | manual task: checking | velocity (m/s) | ∗∗∗ |
| Krampe et al. 2011 [41] |
young: n = 30 (24.3 ± 2.2 y) old: n = 30 (64.2 ± 2.4 y) |
4.25 | 7.75 | normal pace walking (narrow path) | verbal task: word fluency |
missteps (%) | ∗ |
| Bock and Beurskens 2011 [64] |
young: n = 12 (25.6 ± 2.8 y) old: n = 12 (68.1 ± 4.2 y) |
18.38 | 32.28 | normal pace walking (wide path) | visuospatial decision task | step duration (s) | ∗∗∗ |
| Beurskens and Bock 2011 [61] |
young: n = 14 (22.0 ± 2.1 y) old: n = 14 (69.1 ± 3.4 y) |
6.84 | 17.41 | normal pace walking (narrow path) | visuospatial reading task | velocity (m/s) | ∗ |