Table 2.

Univariate hazard ratios for injurious falls

Characteristics	HR Injurious falls (95% CI)	P		P
Gender
Male	0.93 (0.55, 1.56)	0.77
Female	ref
Age(continuous variable)†	*1.04 (1.01, 1.08)	0.02
Falls history	0.97 (0.48, 1.95)	0.93
Visual impairment	0.86 (0.45, 1.63)	0.64
Urinary incontinence	1.16 (0.69, 1.94)	0.58
Parkinson's disease	0.96 (0.17, 5.50)	0.96
Arthritis and other joint diseases	1.42 (0.81, 2.51)	0.22
Depression	1.95 (0.88, 4.32)	0.10
Cardiovascular diseases	1.34 (0.73, 2.44)	0.35
Drug use	Use/no use (95% CI)		Dose–response‡ (95% CI)
Antipsychotics	*1.86 (1.24, 2.78)	0.00	2.21 (0.89, 5.48)	0.09
Anxiolytics	1.28 (0.78, 2.10)	0.33	1.40 (0.85, 2.33)	0.19
Hypnotics or sedatives	*2.10 (1.19, 3.68)	0.01	*2.79 (1.13, 6.91)	0.03
Antidepressants	*2.77 (1.68, 4.57)	0.00	*2.96 (1.94, 4.53)	0.00
Tricyclic antidepressants	1.35 (0.19, 9.65)	0.77	0.23 (0.00, 70.38)	0.62
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors	*2.74 (1.63, 4.62)	0.00	*3.00 (1.95, 4.62)	0.00
Other antidepressants	1.35 (0.39, 4.73)	0.64	1.10 (0.49, 2.49)	0.81
Antihypertensives	1.39 (0.79, 2.47)	0.26	1.15 (0.91, 1.46)	0.25
Anti-arrythmics	1.22 (0.59, 2.55)	0.59	1.23 (0.51, 2.98)	0.65
Nitrates and other vasodilators	0.84 (0.22, 3.22)	0.80	1.31 (0.54, 3.15)	0.55
Digoxin	0.87 (0.21, 3.58)	0.84	0.77 (0.02, 28.58)	0.89
β-adrenoceptor blocker eye drops	1.68 (0.23, 12.30)	0.61	1.17 (0.03, 39.71)	0.93
Analgesics	1.45 (0.48, 4.36)	0.50	1.17 (0.96, 1.43)	0.11
Antihistamines	0.63 (0.19, 2.12)	0.46	0.91 (0.43, 1.92)	0.80
Drugs used in diabetes	0.95 (0.34, 2.65)	0.92	1.00 (0.56, 1.78)	1.00

CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. All estimates are adjusted for gender and age.

^*Significant parameters.

^†HR per year.

^‡HR for increase with 1 DDD.