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(a) Height of fabricated nanoneedle as a function of the number of superimposed pulses. Pulse energy and NA of the focusing lens were fixed to 0.3 mJ and 0.08, respectively. (b) Tip curvature and height of fabricated nanoneedle as a function of NA of the focusing lens. Fluence of the vortex pulse was fixed to ∼9 J/cm2.
