Table 1.
Demographic and health characteristics of women without Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus giving birth in California between 1997 and 2006, with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
| Characteristic | Women with GDM (N=193,028) | Women without GDM (N=3,997,925) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Maternal Age (years: mean, SD) | 31.4 | 5.8 | 27.7 | 6.2 | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 52,498 | 27.2 | 1,504,878 | 37.7 | |
| African-American | 7,548 | 3.9 | 217,883 | 5.5 | |
| Latino | 94,682 | 49.1 | 1,766,579 | 44.2 | |
| Asian | 35,295 | 18.3 | 443,980 | 11.1 | |
| Other | 2,877 | 1.5 | 59,816 | 1.5 | |
| Preeclampsia | 7,827 | 4.1 | 84,588 | 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Chronic Hypertension | 4,574 | 2.4 | 22,325 | 0.6 | <0.001 |
| GA at delivery (weeks: mean, SD) | 38.8 | 1.4 | 39.1 | 1.4 | <0.001 |
| Birthweight (grams: mean, SD) | 3,475 | 541 | 3,415 | 475 | <0.001 |
| Education (≥12 years) | 71,014 | 43.5 | 1,496,734 | 42.6 | <0.001 |