Table 4.
Factors Associated with Therapeutic Failure–Related Hospitalizations in Older Veterans (n = 678)
| Variable | Crude OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI |
| Demographic variables | ||||
| Age | — | — | — | — |
| 85+ | 1.0 (Reference) | — | — | — |
| 65–74 | 0.91 | 0.29–2.84 | — | — |
| 75–84 | 0.84 | 0.27–2.60 | — | — |
| Female gender | N/A† | N/A† | — | — |
| Race | — | — | — | — |
| White | 1.0 (Reference) | — | 1.0 (Reference) | — |
| Black | 3.17 | 1.37–7.30 | 2.92 | 1.25–6.80 |
| Other/missing | 2.67 | 1.08–6.61 | 2.92 | 1.15–7.44 |
| Not married | 1.58 | 0.78–3.20 | — | — |
| Health status variables | ||||
| Number of regularly scheduled medications | — | — | — | — |
| ≥9 | 1.0 (Reference) | — | 1.0 (Reference) | — |
| 0–4 | 0.79 | 0.31–2.05 | 1.14 | 0.40–3.22 |
| 5–8 | 0.81 | 0.37–1.77 | 0.90 | 0.40–2.04 |
| Selim physical comorbidity index | 1.16 | 1.01–1.34 | 1.09 | 0.91–1.31 |
| Selim psychiatric comorbidity index | 0.54 | 0.21–1.43 | — | — |
| Access to health care variables | ||||
| Geriatric evaluation and management clinic visit in previous year | 0.37 | 0.05–2.75 | — | — |
| Number of primary care visits in previous year | — | — | — | — |
| 0–1 | 1.0 (Reference) | — | — | — |
| 2–4 | 0.60 | 0.22–1.68 | — | — |
| 5+ | 0.84 | 0.32–2.20 | — | — |
| Nonexempt copayment status | 0.21 | 0.03–1.52 | 0.25 | 0.03–1.86 |
| Emergency room visit in previous year | 1.41 | 0.70–2.84 | — | — |
| Hospitalization in previous year | 2.20 | 1.10–4.41 | 1.61 | 0.69–3.75 |
| Year of index hospital admission | — | — | — | — |
| 2006 | 1.0 (Reference) | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 0.86 | 0.42–1.77 | — | — |
| 2004 | 0.34 | 0.10–1.18 | — | — |
Notes: OR = odds ratio. Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test: x 2 = 3.72; df = 8; p = .88.
*Adjusted for all other variables with p < .15 from bivariate analyses.
†Too few females in the sample to report a meaningful OR and 95% CI.